Lecture 2 - Body fluids

Question 1

4 aspects of body fluids (milieu intérieur comprises body fluids)

Answer 1

Volume, Distribution, Characteristics, Functions

Question 2

Body water is the medium in which …

Answer 2

Solutes are dissolved, metabolic reactions take place

Question 3

Interval of body water %

Answer 3

45 to 75%

Question 4

What accounts for water content variations in individuals. (% of water in some parts of bady)

Answer 4

Skin 70% Muscle 70% Heart, Brain, Kidney and Liver 70-80% Bone 25% FAT 10%

Question 5

Some functions of body water

Answer 5

Lubricates joints, transports nutrients and O2 to cells, Regulates body temperature, moistens tissues

Question 6

2 body constituants that lower water % for an individual

Answer 6

Bone 25% water and mostly fat 10% water

Question 7

Normal value of body water proportion and what is constant and what varies in individuals

Answer 7

60% water is normal. Solids and water quantity are constant but individuals have different amounts of fat.

Question 8

what happens if body water is a fraction of lean body mass

Answer 8

water % in individuals would be constant

Question 9

where do we find standard values

Answer 9

Physiological Reference Individual 21 year old, white male, 70 kg weight

Question 10

Physiological Reference Individual value of body water and adjustments

Answer 10

60%. Adjustments for age, gender, weight, ethnic origin.

Question 11

Variations in body water with age and gender (3 categories)

Answer 11

Baby : 75% Teen/Adult : F50% M60% Elderly : F45% M50%

Question 12

Why less water % when puberty

Answer 12

Gain of fat

Question 13

When difference in water % for M/F happens

Answer 13

Puberty

Question 14

Why women smaller water proportion than males

Answer 14

More fat and less muscle

Question 15

Why does water proportion in body get lower as we grow old

Answer 15

Tissues get drier

Question 16

Calculation of body water

Answer 16

Body mass * water %

Question 17

why body water significant for water-soluble medication and what field is it particularly important for

Answer 17

Dissolves in body water 100 mg / x L . Important in pediatrics

Question 18

Body water is constant in health : Why

Answer 18

Dynamic steady state. Exchanges with external environment and individual and between different compartments within individuals

Question 19

Water intake (3)

Answer 19

Oral fluid, oral intake as food, oxidative water from metabolism

Question 20

Water output (5) (which ones are insensible)

Answer 20

Lungs (water exhaled) - insensible (we do not feel it), skin - insensible respiration, kidneys, stool (feeces) and extra water cleared out by kidneys

Question 21

major homeostatic organ

Answer 21

Kidneys

Question 22

Obligatory losses everyday

Answer 22

1,5 L of water : 1 L insensible 0,5 L urine + stool

Question 23

Faultative losses of water everyday

Answer 23

Varies with intake (extra water will be in urine)

Question 24

Insensible perspiration characteristics (4)

Answer 24

Pure water, Passive evaporation (humidity/temp.), Entire skin surface, Continuous

Question 25

Swating

Answer 25

Electrolyte solution, Active secretion, Sweat glands, Activated by heavy work or high temp. (so not continuous)

Question 26

Water turnover (ex : 20% would be 20% in 20% out everyday) of adults and baby and consequences for babies

Answer 26

Adults : 3-4%, Babies 10% –> less regulation capacities, sensible to hypothermia

Question 27

Constant body water volume helps maintain … (2) and this allows

Answer 27

1. Normal solute concentrations 2. Normal blood volume and pressure
   Allows adequate supply of O2 to tissues

Question 28

Negative water balance possible causes (5)

Answer 28

Reduced intake, Excessive loss from gut (throwing up)***, Excessive sweating, Excessive loss in expired air (ex high altitude), Excessive loss in urine (or also in stool - diarrhea)

Question 29

Water intoxication possible causes (2)

Answer 29

Excessive intake, Renal system failure

Question 30

what happens at high altitude for excessive water loss in expired air

Answer 30

We breath rapidly for oxygen so more water is expired

Question 31

Water intoxication : how can the kidney failure happen

Answer 31

Kidneys unable to excrete the water (can put out almost 1L/hour if healthy)