Immunology 2nd lecture Flashcards
after _______ dies, calls the __________
neutrophil, dendritic cell
after being called, ________ goes to ___________
dendritic cell, regional lymph nodes
2 types of adaptive immune response
1) Humoral (immunoglobin/antibody mediated)
2) cell-mediated (T cell/lymphocyte factor)
Both ____ and ____ response have ______
innate, adaptive, humoral factors
All three immune responses ( 3 ) have _____ and _______ factors in the _____ immune process
Innate, Adaptive humoral, adaptive cell-mediated, humoral, cellular, early
_____ limb made of events that ________ immune response. Events from ______ immunity to interaction with the __________. This limb will have both ____ and _______ components in both _____ and ________ immune response
Afferent, initiate, innate, T helper (Th) CD4+ lymphocyte, cellular, humoral
_____ limb is the effector, or _____ aspect of immunity. In humoral response, this will be _______ molecules dissolved in _____ that will engage the _________ (also .. in fluid) In cellular response, this will be __________
Efferent, killer, antibody, fluid, complement system, T cytotoxic cells (Tc) CD8+ lymphocytes
The immune response is _____ and ____ specific
epitope, antigen
CD molecules are found on _________. They act as _____ for ____________. They ______ immune response. In immunity, they act as ____ or ____ important to the cell and initiate a _________.
cell surface, targets for immunophenotyping (of the cell). induce. ligands or receptors. signal cascade.
Three cells are called APCs ( _ _ _ ), they have a _________ and present ___ + ___. Those cells are (note the most important) …
antigen presenting cells, class 2 MHC and present MHC II + peptide. interdigitating dendritic cells (most important), macrophages, B lymphocytes
________ is __ positive and ______ is _____ positive
T helper cell CD4, T cytotoxic cell CD8
Neutrophil phagocytosis steps. (4-5). The microbial pathogen never ____ cytoplasm
1) Endocytosis 2) Phagosome formation 3) Fuses with lysosome, a sack of enzymes 4) Phagolysosome (digestion by enzymes) 5) Release of end products in cell and neutrophil death
________ found on all _________ shuts down __________ with a __________
MHC class 1, all cells, natural killer cell, negative signal
when _______ is activated (which means the __________ on the cell was ________ or ______), it releases _____________ inducing ____________ in target cell
natural killer cell, MHC class 1, absent or alterated, granule contents, apoptosis (programmed cell death)
2 types of cells activate natural killer cell because they lack ____________
Cancel cell and virally infected cell because they lack normal MHC class 1 molecule
In the innate or adaptive humoral response, three pathways that lead to ________ activation and that can be called a molecule ___________
innate, complement, waterfall
1) Classical pathway -> Antigen:Antibody complexes.
2) MB-lectin pathway -> Lectin binding to pathogen surfaces
3) Alternative pathway -> Pathogen surfaces (PAMPs)
complement __________ is important in _______ and ________ immune response
activation, innate, adaptive
Complement activation can lead to three things (3 major functions of the complement)
1) Recruitment of inflammatory cells (neutrophils -> major killer)
2) Opsonization of pathogens (coating them to make them more ‘tasty’ for neutrophils’)
3) Killing of pathogens -> Network of molecules drill hole in bacterial membrane
Each MHC has a __________ tail and a ________ where the _________ (which has no ________ in ________ cells) is presented
cytoplasmic, groove, peptide/epitope, specificity, dendritic cells
epitope
piece of an antigen
Human ____ complex/system
HLA : Human Leukocyte Antigens
Two classes in the HLA system and their 3 molecules
MHC I (HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C) and MHC II (HLA-DP, HLA DQ, HLA-DR)
Each MHC has 2 _____ : ____ and ____. The ____ chain is bigger in _______ but in _________, both are _____
MHC 1 : big alpha chain + small beta-2microglobulin chain
MHC 2 : equal chains
Phagocytosis in the _________ has the same steps in _________ cell, but in _____ cell, an ________ is presented on the surface
neutrophil, dendritic, dendritic, epitope
2 times in dendritic cell’s life
Phagocytic digestion phase (when pathogen digested and epitopes obtained) and synthetic phase (synthesis of MHC class II to bring epitopes to surface)
For following classes, subject will mostly be ______, which induce _________ immune response (note : ________ induce __________ immune response)
bacteria, humoral immune response, viruses, cell mediated immune response
What is the front 4 in immunity
Skin, mucus, cilia, fluid mucin
Sepsis
Body’s reponse to infection injures own tissues and organs
Link between innate and adaptive immune response : interaction between __________ cell and _________ molecule on __________ cell. (each one is specific to one _________ out of _________)
dendritic, specific, T helper, epitope, 100 billion
where antibodies produced
B lymphocytes in bone marrow
what cells are necessary for cell-mediated response
T cells
What cells do B lymphocytes need to produce antibodies
T helper cell
At some point, ________ become _______
T cells become T helper cells
In utero, migration traject of immune stem cells
Yolk sac, fetal liver, Bone marrow, thymus
Where are pre B cells formed and from what
In bone marrow, out of stem cells
What cells mature in bone marrow and what do they become (and acquire)
Pre B cells mature to become B cells. they acquire specificity
The ________ cell is double _________ before being ____________
Pre T. CD4 and CD8 positive before release by the thymus
What cells move to the thymus
Stem lymphocytes (Pre T cells)
When _______ move out of thymus, they are either ____ or ________
T cells, CD4 + or CD8 +
Mature _____ and _____ cells move to ___________ which are _____, ____ and _______
B and T cells, secondary immune system organs, lymph nodes, spleen (large lymph node) and MALT
In lymph node, ____ cells are in the _________ and ____ cells are in the _________ and the _______.
B cells in superficial cortex and T cells in deep cortex and medullary area
In lymph node, _______ cells goes in area between ________ and ______
dendritic cell between T and B cells
when B and T cells move to secondary organs
before birth
Dendritic cell has a ________ and finds the __________ cell with a _________ that is ________ to it
specific epitope, T helper cell (CD4+), receptor, specific
Dendritic cells carries bacteria in 2 ways
Outside held by dendrites and phagocyted inside
_______ is necessary for an immune response to be started. It happens when _______ receptor on ____ cell binds/interact with _____ molecule that protrudes from the __________
Coreception. CD28. T helper cell. B7 molcule. dendritic cell
4 classical signs of inflammation
Calor (heat), Dulor (pain), Rubor (redness), Tumor (swelling)
true or false ? MHC class 2 can exist on surface of professional Antigen Presenting Cells independently of an epitope bound to its groove
false (verif avec reponses Qs 2)
