Immunology 2nd lecture

Question 1

after _______ dies, calls the __________

Answer 1

neutrophil, dendritic cell

Question 2

after being called, ________ goes to ___________

Answer 2

dendritic cell, regional lymph nodes

Question 3

2 types of adaptive immune response

Answer 3

1) Humoral (immunoglobin/antibody mediated)

2) cell-mediated (T cell/lymphocyte factor)

Question 4

Both ____ and ____ response have ______

Answer 4

innate, adaptive, humoral factors

Question 5

All three immune responses ( 3 ) have _____ and _______ factors in the _____ immune process

Answer 5

Innate, Adaptive humoral, adaptive cell-mediated, humoral, cellular, early

Question 6

_____ limb made of events that ________ immune response. Events from ______ immunity to interaction with the __________. This limb will have both ____ and _______ components in both _____ and ________ immune response

Answer 6

Afferent, initiate, innate, T helper (Th) CD4+ lymphocyte, cellular, humoral

Question 7

_____ limb is the effector, or _____ aspect of immunity. In humoral response, this will be _______ molecules dissolved in _____ that will engage the _________ (also .. in fluid) In cellular response, this will be __________

Answer 7

Efferent, killer, antibody, fluid, complement system, T cytotoxic cells (Tc) CD8+ lymphocytes

Question 8

The immune response is _____ and ____ specific

Answer 8

epitope, antigen

Question 9

CD molecules are found on _________. They act as _____ for ____________. They ______ immune response. In immunity, they act as ____ or ____ important to the cell and initiate a _________.

Answer 9

cell surface, targets for immunophenotyping (of the cell). induce. ligands or receptors. signal cascade.

Question 10

Three cells are called APCs ( _ _ _ ), they have a _________ and present ___ + ___. Those cells are (note the most important) …

Answer 10

antigen presenting cells, class 2 MHC and present MHC II + peptide. interdigitating dendritic cells (most important), macrophages, B lymphocytes

Question 11

________ is __ positive and ______ is _____ positive

Answer 11

T helper cell CD4, T cytotoxic cell CD8

Question 12

Neutrophil phagocytosis steps. (4-5). The microbial pathogen never ____ cytoplasm

Answer 12

1) Endocytosis 2) Phagosome formation 3) Fuses with lysosome, a sack of enzymes 4) Phagolysosome (digestion by enzymes) 5) Release of end products in cell and neutrophil death

Question 13

________ found on all _________ shuts down __________ with a __________

Answer 13

MHC class 1, all cells, natural killer cell, negative signal

Question 14

when _______ is activated (which means the __________ on the cell was ________ or ______), it releases _____________ inducing ____________ in target cell

Answer 14

natural killer cell, MHC class 1, absent or alterated, granule contents, apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Question 15

2 types of cells activate natural killer cell because they lack ____________

Answer 15

Cancel cell and virally infected cell because they lack normal MHC class 1 molecule

Question 16

In the innate or adaptive humoral response, three pathways that lead to ________ activation and that can be called a molecule ___________

Answer 16

innate, complement, waterfall

1) Classical pathway -> Antigen:Antibody complexes.
2) MB-lectin pathway -> Lectin binding to pathogen surfaces
3) Alternative pathway -> Pathogen surfaces (PAMPs)

Question 17

complement __________ is important in _______ and ________ immune response

Answer 17

activation, innate, adaptive

Question 18

Complement activation can lead to three things (3 major functions of the complement)

Answer 18

1) Recruitment of inflammatory cells (neutrophils -> major killer)
2) Opsonization of pathogens (coating them to make them more ‘tasty’ for neutrophils’)
3) Killing of pathogens -> Network of molecules drill hole in bacterial membrane

Question 19

Each MHC has a __________ tail and a ________ where the _________ (which has no ________ in ________ cells) is presented

Answer 19

cytoplasmic, groove, peptide/epitope, specificity, dendritic cells

Question 20

epitope

Answer 20

piece of an antigen

Question 21

Human ____ complex/system

Answer 21

HLA : Human Leukocyte Antigens

Question 22

Two classes in the HLA system and their 3 molecules

Answer 22

MHC I (HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C) and MHC II (HLA-DP, HLA DQ, HLA-DR)

Question 23

Each MHC has 2 _____ : ____ and ____. The ____ chain is bigger in _______ but in _________, both are _____

Answer 23

MHC 1 : big alpha chain + small beta-2microglobulin chain

MHC 2 : equal chains

Question 24

Phagocytosis in the _________ has the same steps in _________ cell, but in _____ cell, an ________ is presented on the surface

Answer 24

neutrophil, dendritic, dendritic, epitope

Question 25

2 times in dendritic cell’s life

Answer 25

Phagocytic digestion phase (when pathogen digested and epitopes obtained) and synthetic phase (synthesis of MHC class II to bring epitopes to surface)

Question 26

For following classes, subject will mostly be ______, which induce _________ immune response (note : ________ induce __________ immune response)

Answer 26

bacteria, humoral immune response, viruses, cell mediated immune response

Question 27

What is the front 4 in immunity

Answer 27

Skin, mucus, cilia, fluid mucin

Question 28

Sepsis

Answer 28

Body’s reponse to infection injures own tissues and organs

Question 29

Link between innate and adaptive immune response : interaction between __________ cell and _________ molecule on __________ cell. (each one is specific to one _________ out of _________)

Answer 29

dendritic, specific, T helper, epitope, 100 billion

Question 30

where antibodies produced

Answer 30

B lymphocytes in bone marrow

Question 31

what cells are necessary for cell-mediated response

Answer 31

T cells

Question 32

What cells do B lymphocytes need to produce antibodies

Answer 32

T helper cell

Question 33

At some point, ________ become _______

Answer 33

T cells become T helper cells

Question 34

In utero, migration traject of immune stem cells

Answer 34

Yolk sac, fetal liver, Bone marrow, thymus

Question 35

Where are pre B cells formed and from what

Answer 35

In bone marrow, out of stem cells

Question 36

What cells mature in bone marrow and what do they become (and acquire)

Answer 36

Pre B cells mature to become B cells. they acquire specificity

Question 37

The ________ cell is double _________ before being ____________

Answer 37

Pre T. CD4 and CD8 positive before release by the thymus

Question 38

What cells move to the thymus

Answer 38

Stem lymphocytes (Pre T cells)

Question 39

When _______ move out of thymus, they are either ____ or ________

Answer 39

T cells, CD4 + or CD8 +

Question 40

Mature _____ and _____ cells move to ___________ which are _____, ____ and _______

Answer 40

B and T cells, secondary immune system organs, lymph nodes, spleen (large lymph node) and MALT

Question 41

In lymph node, ____ cells are in the _________ and ____ cells are in the _________ and the _______.

Answer 41

B cells in superficial cortex and T cells in deep cortex and medullary area

Question 42

In lymph node, _______ cells goes in area between ________ and ______

Answer 42

dendritic cell between T and B cells

Question 43

when B and T cells move to secondary organs

Answer 43

before birth

Question 44

Dendritic cell has a ________ and finds the __________ cell with a _________ that is ________ to it

Answer 44

specific epitope, T helper cell (CD4+), receptor, specific

Question 45

Dendritic cells carries bacteria in 2 ways

Answer 45

Outside held by dendrites and phagocyted inside

Question 46

_______ is necessary for an immune response to be started. It happens when _______ receptor on ____ cell binds/interact with _____ molecule that protrudes from the __________

Answer 46

Coreception. CD28. T helper cell. B7 molcule. dendritic cell

Question 47

4 classical signs of inflammation

Answer 47

Calor (heat), Dulor (pain), Rubor (redness), Tumor (swelling)

Question 48

true or false ? MHC class 2 can exist on surface of professional Antigen Presenting Cells independently of an epitope bound to its groove

Answer 48

false (verif avec reponses Qs 2)