Lecture 2 8/24/23 Flashcards
What are lesions?
-any abnormalities in tissues
-can be gross or microscopic
What are inflammatory lesions?
-reaction of living tissue to an injury
-can be caused by infectious or non-infectious agents
What happens during an inflammatory response?
-more RBCs, WBCs, and inflammatory mediators flood the site
-provides more oxygen and immune cells to fight infection
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
-heat
-redness
-swelling
-pain
-loss of function
How is inflammation of various body parts noted in terminology?
organ/tissue prefix + -itis
What inflammatory process is an exception to the -itis rule?
pneumonia, inflammation of the lungs
How do histology and histopathology differ?
-histology is what tissues normally look like microscopically
-histopathology is what abnormal tissues look like microscopically
What is cleavage?
the cell division process that turns a zygote into a blastocyst
How does a morula become a blastocyst?
-the cells of the morula rearrange
-cells line the outside, allowing a fluid-filled space to form on the inside
How does the blastocoele become the yolk sac?
-inner cell mass moves to line the blastocoele
-inner cell mass cells become endoderm and blastocoele becomes yolk sac
What are the three primary germ layers?
-endoderm
-mesoderm
-ectoderm
What tissues are derived from ectoderm?
-skin
-nervous system
What tissues are derived from mesoderm?
-bone
-muscle
-connective tissue
-circulatory system
What tissues are derived from endoderm?
-GI tract lining
-respiratory tract lining
-liver
How does mesoderm come to be?
-some ectodermal cells enter the middle space and become mesoderm
-once this happens, the two tissues become completely independent
What is a tumor?
-a swelling, mass/nodule
-not a specific term
What is a cyst?
-epithelial-lined
-fluid-filled
What is an abscess?
-inflammatory, pus-filled cyst-like structure
What is a hyperplasia?
an increase in cell number, leading to more cells than should be present in an area
What is a neoplasia?
-new growth
-altered cell growth
-ends in -oma
What is the name for benign ectodermal and endodermal neoplasms?
adenomas
What is the name for benign mesodermal neoplasms?
fibromas
What makes neoplasms malignant?
the ability to spread/metastasize within the tissue, to lymph nodes, and to other body regions
What is the name for malignant ectodermal and endodermal neoplasms?
carcinomas
What is the name for malignant mesodermal neoplasms?
sarcomas
