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FA1 Physiology/Microanatomy 1 > Lecture 14 9/11/23 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 9/11/23 Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the brain controls the autonomic nervous system?

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

How does the ANS differ from the somatic nervous system?

A

there is no voluntary control over the actions of the ANS

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3
Q

What are the two branches of the ANS?

A

-parasympathetic nervous system
-sympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ in terms of activity?

A

-PNS is continuously active
-SNS has low resting tone but is capable of bouts of great activity

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5
Q

How many neuronal cell bodies does each ANS neuron system have?

A

two

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6
Q

Where are the two neuronal cell bodies located for each ANS neuron system?

A

-1st in the CNS
-2nd in the ganglion of PNS

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7
Q

What is the term for the first neuron of an ANS neuron system?

A

preganglionic neuron

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8
Q

What is the term for the second neuron of an ANS neuron system?

A

postganglionic neuron

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9
Q

Where do the parasympathetic ANS fibers leave the CNS?

A

brainstem and sacral spinal cord

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10
Q

Where do the sympathetic ANS fibers leave the CNS?

A

thoracolumbar spinal cord (T1-L3)

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11
Q

What do the preganglionic fibers do after leaving the CNS?

A

reach the ganglions and synapse with the postganglionic neurons

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12
Q

What is the overarching role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

fight or flight

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13
Q

What is the anatomy of the 1st neuron in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

-short preganglionic axons
-run to the sympathetic trunk ganglia

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14
Q

What is the sympathetic trunk?

A

connected chain of paravertebral ganglia

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15
Q

What is the anatomy of the 2nd neuron in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

-long axons
-leave ganglion and go to target organ

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16
Q

What are the targets of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

-dilate pupil
-constriction of skin/gut blood vessels
-bronchodilation
-increased heart rate/contraction force
-piloerection
-decreased gut activity
-stimulation of sweat gland secretion
-stimulation of norepinephrine and epinephrine release
-close internal urethral sphincter

17
Q

What is the overarching role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

rest and digest

18
Q

What is the anatomy of the first neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

-originate from brainstem or sacrum
-long preganglionic axons

19
Q

What is the anatomy of the second neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

-ganglia are close to or within wall of target organs
-small postganglionic axons

20
Q

Which cranial nerves allow the parasympathetic preganglionic axons to exit and reach the organs of the head?

A

-3
-7
-9
-10

21
Q

Which cranial nerve allows the parasympathetic preganglionic axons to exit and reach the rest of the body?

A

10

22
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the muscles controlling pupil size?

A

CN 3

23
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the salivary glands?

A

CN 7 and CN 9

24
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the lacrimal glands?

A

CN 7

25
Q

Which organs are CN 10 associated with?

A

organs in the thoracic and abdominal regions

26
Q

Which spinal nerves allow the parasympathetic preganglionic axons to exit?

A

-S1
-S2
-S3

27
Q

What are the targets of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

-constrict pupil
-focus lens
-bronchoconstriction
-decrease heart rate
-increase gut activity
-release saliva
-contract bladder
-stimulate erection

28
Q

What neurotransmitter acts in the preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

A

acetylcholine

29
Q

What receptor acts in the preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

A

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

30
Q

What neurotransmitters act in the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

-norepinephrine
-epinephrine

31
Q

What receptors act in the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

-alpha receptors
-beta receptors

32
Q

What neurotransmitter acts in the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

acetylcholine

33
Q

What receptor acts in the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

34
Q

What are the characteristics of the adrenal medulla?

A

-innervated by sympathetic fibers
-postganglionic chromaffin cells act as 2nd neurons and secrete epinephrine
-epinephrine is released into blood circulation
-helps stimulate stress response

35
Q

Where are ALL preganglionic cell bodies located?

A

-CN 3, 7, 9, 10 (PNS)
-S1-S3 (PNS)
-T1-L3 (SNS)

36
Q

What is the parasympathetic CNS origin?

A

craniosacral

37
Q

What is the sympathetic CNS origin?

A

thoracolumbar

FA1 Physiology/Microanatomy 1 (46 decks)

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