Lecture 19 - The Vitamins

Question 1

fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 1

A, D, E, K

Question 2

factors effecting bioavailability?

Answer 2

transit time, other foods, preparation of food, source of food (natural/synthetic), nutritional status

Question 3

Majority of b vitamin function?

Answer 3

Energy production

Question 4

Re-feeding syndrome?

Answer 4

Replenishing carbohydrates to starvation without thiamine repleneshment drives a greater thiamine deficiency

Question 5

Wet beri beri?

Answer 5

Thiamine deficiency causes weakened heart rate, causing fluid to leak out of blood vessels due to lowered pressure causing pitting on skin when pressure is placed

Question 6

Wernicke-encephalopathy?

Answer 6

Alcohol related brain damage (thiamine), language, walking and eye movement problems

Question 7

Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 7

amnesia, inability to learn, confabulation

Question 8

Causes of folate deficiency?

Answer 8

low intake, reduced intestinal absorption, alcohol, antagonists, increased demand in pregnancy, anticonvulsant drugs

Question 9

Folate deficiency diseases?

Answer 9

Megaloblastic anaemia, spinal bifida, risjk of cancer, heart disease and mental abnormalities

Question 10

Folic acid in pregnancy?

Answer 10

800ug/day 4wk prior up to wk12 (5000ug/day w history)

Question 11

Vitamin A source and function?

Answer 11

Animal products, retinyl esters turn into retinol (reproduction)

Question 12

Beta-carotene source and function?

Answer 12

Plants, converted into retinal (vision)

Question 13

3rd body chemical associated w vitamin A?

Answer 13

Retinoic acid - supports growth

Question 14

Vitamin A in vision?

Answer 14

Forms rhodopsin, allows photoreceptor function, relates to cornea health

Question 15

Vitamin A in cell differentiation?

Answer 15

Protein synthesis, maintains healthy cells in mucous membrane

Question 16

Vitamin A toxicity?

Answer 16

Beta-carotene: insufficient conversion, overconsumption; Retinol: overcomsumption from supplements

Question 17

Vit D deficiency causes?

Answer 17

Rickets (children), Osteomalacia (adults)

Question 18

Who needs vitamin and mineral supplements?

Answer 18

Poor nutrient intake, increased nutritional requirements, increased metabolic demand, maldigestion, malabsorption, drug-nutrient interaction, medical-treatment interactions, pharmacological dose requirement