Lecture 19 study guide Flashcards
True or False: MAP Kinases can be part of scaffolding proteins?
True
AKT and PK1 both bind IP-(3,4,5)P3. Given this, what must be true of both these proteins?
They must contain a PH binding domain
In the presence of abundant nutrients and growth factors, will TOR be activated or inactivated?
Active
What signaling pathway induces TOR? (Name the receptor family and the main kinase activated)
RTK-AKT pathway
TOR tells the cell to?
Inhibit protein degradation and stimulate protein synthesis “Grow and proliferate”
What is the role of c-Cbl
Ubiquitination of EGFR
How does v-Cbl function to cause cancer?
It binds EGFR like c-Cbl but lacks ubiquitination function. This prevents EGFR from being ubiquitinated and increases cell signaling. This eventually forms tumors. Remember growth factors = cell proliferation. Too much is cancerous.
What does the name “cancer” refer to?
A number of diseases in which cells show unregulated proliferation and growth and invasion of these cells into other tissues
What does the term “carcinoma” refer to?
Cancer cells originating from from epithelial cells
True or False: tumorigenesis requires the accumulation of a series of mutations
True
Cancer evolution requires what 3 things?
Cancer evolution requires:
a. High mutation rates
b. High proliferation rates
c. Time
Name three genetic mechanisms that can lead to the loss of cell regulation?
Mutation, Gene amplification, chromosomal rearrangement
True or False: Because mutations leading to cancer are always somatic, cancer risk is not associated with genetics.
false
Why are most cancers carcinomas?
Epithelial cells have high exposure to cancer inducing agents like UV, chemicals, etc.
Why are 50% of cancers associated with mutations in the gene for p53?
p53 acts to pause DNA replication and allow the cell time to fix the damag
