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Cell Biology > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does transcription do?

A

makes an RNA copy of DNA

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2
Q

What RNA transcribes most rRNA genes?

A

RNA polymerase 1

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3
Q

What RNA polymerase transcribes all protein-coding genes, miRNA genes, plus genes for other noncoding RNA’s?

A

RNA polymerase 11

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4
Q

What RNA polymerase codes tRNA genes, 5s rRNA genes and genes for many other small RNA’s?

A

RNA polymerase 111

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5
Q

What form of rna carries amino acids for translation?

A

tRNA

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6
Q

What rna codes for proteins?

A

mRNA

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7
Q

What rna is involved in gene expression?

A

micro RNA

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8
Q

What rna form the core of the ribosome’s structure and catalyze protein synthesis

A

Ribosomal RNA

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9
Q

Can RNA act as an enzyme (ribozyme), catalyzing chemical reactions?

A

yes

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10
Q

What initiates transcription to happen?

A

promoter

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11
Q

What is the TATA box?

A

is contained in the promoter and recruits general transcription factors

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12
Q

What is the role of the general transcription factors?

A

Seperate the double stranded DNA, allowing RNA polymerase II access to the template strand

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13
Q

What is it called when removing an intron?

A

splicing

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14
Q

What is the region called that has been spliced

A

splicesome

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15
Q

What does it mean when the mRNA is capped, polyadenylated, and spliced?

A

Ready for export out of the nucleus

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16
Q

What happens during translation?

A

Translation decodes the mRNA and producing the corresponding protein

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17
Q

What does translation require?

A

mRNA
Ribosome
aminoacytl-tRNA

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18
Q

What is the largest and abundant protein complexes in cells?

A

Ribosome

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19
Q

What type of RNA does ribosomes have?

A

rRNA

20
Q

What links the proper amino acid to the corresponding tRNA?

A

tRNA synthase

21
Q

What enzyme is highly specific?

A

tRNA synthase

22
Q

what happens at the A site?

A

first binding site for aminoacyl-tRNA

23
Q

What happens in the P site?

A

tRNA linked to the polypeptide

24
Q

What happens at the E site?

A

Exit site for the tRNA

25
Q

What is the mRNA ribosome complex called?

A

polysomes

26
Q

What does polysome analysis indicate?

A

Translation activity of cells

27
Q

What end of the protein starts folding as soon as it emerges from the ribosome?

A

N -terminal

28
Q

Cotranslational folding of proteins only occurs to what type of proteins?

A

less complex proteins

29
Q

What is the role of a molecular chaperone?

A

Help with protein folding

30
Q

What do chaperones require?

A

ATP

31
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum functions?

A
  • protein translocation
  • protein folding
  • protein glycoslytion
  • protein quality control
  • calcium iron storage
32
Q

What is the structure of the ER?

A

Membrane network, distributed by microtubule interactions

33
Q

What materials are translated at the ER?

A

Transmembrane proteins and soluble lumenal proteins

34
Q

What ensures proper insertion into the membrane or delivery into the lumen of the ER?

A

Ribosome linkage with protein translocator

35
Q

What is the n terminus?

A

lumenal

36
Q

What is the C - terminus?

A

cytosol

37
Q

Where are the n and c termini located?

A

cytoplasm

38
Q

What happens during N-linked glycosylation?

A

Modification of an amino group

39
Q

What happens in o-linked glycosylation?

A

Modification of OH group

40
Q

Most proteins that are translated and translocated at the ER become what?

A

glycosylated (both soluble and transmembrane proteins)

41
Q

What does glycosylation increase?

A

Increase stability of secreted proteins

42
Q

Why is the glycosylation of surface proteins important?

A

Important for recognition of self vs foreign (immune system)

43
Q

Where do newly synthesized proteins fold?

A

In the ER

44
Q

What is allowed to leave the ER?

A

Only folded proteins - unfolded proteins remain in the ER with chaperones

45
Q

What happens to proteins that are not properly fold in to the ER?

A

They are retro translocated to the cytoplasm, ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome

46
Q

What is retrotranslocation mediated by?

A

By the same translocator protein that allows for protein import into the ER

Cell Biology (18 decks)

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