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Cell Biology > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the transport of the folded ER protein to the golgi mediated by?

A

transport vesicles that bud from the ER and fuse with the golgi

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2
Q

What forms membrane vesicles?

A

Formed by coat proteins

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3
Q

Where do COP proteins form the vesicle at?

A

At the ER and the Golgi

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4
Q

What are the two steps of vesicle formation?

A
  • soluble ER proteins are sorted into forming vesicles by cargo receptors
  • transmembrane proteins are sorted into vesicles by binding to coat proteins
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5
Q

How are vesicles fused with the golgi?

A

The ER derived vesicles uncoat, tether with the golgi, dock and fuse with the golgi

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6
Q

What are Rab proteins?

A

Small GTPases that act as regulators/switches

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7
Q

What acts as molecular switches?

A

small GTPases

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8
Q

What do Rab GTPases regulate?

A

regulation of membrane fusion

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9
Q

What do Sar 1 GTPases regulate?

A

ER vesicle formations

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10
Q

What is GEF?

A

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor

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11
Q

What is GAP

A

GTPase accelerating proteins

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12
Q

What do small GTPases NOT do?

A
  • don’t hydrolyze GTP spontaneously
  • Don’t exchange GDP with GTP without help (requires GAP and GEF)
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13
Q

What is V-SNARE connected to?

A

transport vesicle

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14
Q

What is T-SNARE connected to?

A

target membrane

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15
Q

What process drives membrane fusion?

A

docking

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16
Q

What are the functions of the golgi aparatus?

A

protein sorting

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17
Q

Where are proteins sent?

A

Other proteins are sent to the cell surface or endosomal system
Proteins that are supposed to remain in the ER are sent back to the ER

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18
Q

What is the role of the CIS side of the golgi?

A

Receives vesicles from the ER

19
Q

What is the job of the trans side of the golgi?

A

Form transport vesicles that traffic to endosomes or the cell surface

20
Q

What is the role of constructive secretion?

A

delivery of plasma membrane proteins

21
Q

What is the role of regulation secretion?

A

secretion of regulatory proteins

22
Q

Describe the regulated secretion of insulin … As glucose is increased, the ATP levels are increased which close ….

A

K+ channels, which causes depolarization of membrane potential, which opens Ca2+ channels, which triggor fusion of insuling - containing vesicles with the plasma membrane

23
Q

What triggers a rapid fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane?

A

Increase in calcium levels caused by an action potential

24
Q

When are synaptic vesicles ready to fuse?

A

After docked and primed

25
Q

What is the contact site between cell interior and exterior?

A

Plasma membrane

26
Q

What functions are localized to the cell surface?

A

transport function and signaling

27
Q

What happens in the absence of uracil?

A

Fur 4 localizes to the eisosomes

28
Q

What are eisosomes?

A

long membrane furrows

29
Q

What keeps the nutrient transporter in the inactive state?

A

gel like membrane of the eisosome

30
Q

What does the fluidlike membrane allow for in the eisosome?

A

allows transporter to efficiently import nutrients

31
Q

What happens during endocytosis?

A
  • uptake of nutrients
  • degradation of cell surface proteins/lipids
  • cell signaling/communicating
  • immune response
32
Q

What happens during phagocytosis?

A
  • engulfing large particles
  • the membrane raps around the particle
33
Q

What happens during pinocytosis?

A
  • uptake of fluid filled vesicles formed by clathrin
34
Q

What is clathrin?

A

Made of 2 types of proteins which assembles into a cage that deforms the membrane

35
Q

What is clathrin mediated by?

A

endocytosis

36
Q

Clathrin and adaptors function in what?

A

cargo selection

37
Q

What does Low density lipoprotein (LDL) do?

A

Delivers cholesterol and fat to cells

38
Q

Triacylglycerol and chlesterylester are what?

A

storage fats

39
Q

Where does the LDL receptor shuttle?

A

Between cell surface, endosome and back to the cell surface

40
Q

What are endosomes?

A

Are protein and lipid storing compartments of the endocytic system

41
Q

What are early endosomes?

A

Receive endocytic vesicles and recyle part of the material back to the cell surface

42
Q

What is the role of lysosome/vacuoles?

A

a storage compartment for salts and amino acids
acidic compartment with enzymes to degrade macromolecules

42
Q

What are late endosomes (MVB)?

A

package membrane and proteins into the lumen of the compartment and deliver their content to the lysosome for degradation

Cell Biology (18 decks)

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