Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSL 300 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Neurons outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the CNS (central nervous system)?

A

the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are most neurons located?

A

in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the PNS comprise?

A

the somatic nervous system, for controlling voluntary action via skeletal muscle, and the autonomic nervous system, for visceral functions such as heart rate and breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

a component of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of the body movements via the use of skeletal muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

enteric nervous system

A

controls digestion and movements of the gut. It gets input from spinal cord, but can also work independently.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are glia cells?

A

non-neuronal cells (i.e. not nerves) of the brain and nervous system
- support and protect neurons, and are about as numerous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are white and grey matter?

A

in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Grey Matter

A

nerve cell bodies, unmyelinated axons, and dendrites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of grey matter

A

that plays a crucial role in allowing you to function normally day to day. It consists of high concentrations of neuronal bodies, axon terminals (endings) and dendrites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

White matter

A

consists of myelinated axons running in bundles called tracts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Role of white matter

A

allows the exchange of information and communication between different areas of your brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ganglia

A

groups of nerves or brain cells that are closely related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ganglion

A

a collection of neuronal bodies found in the voluntary and autonomic branches of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The brain has just ____ of the body’s mass, but gets ____ of the blood pumped by the heart.

A

~2%
15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What consumes half the body’s glucose?

A

The CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The spinal cord has ____ segments, each with a pair of spinal nerves

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four roots each spinal cord segment has?

A

an anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) root on both right and left sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dorsal root

A

which carries afferent (i.e. incoming, sensory) signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ventral root

A

carries efferent (i.e. outgoing) signals from the CNS to the body, including motor signals (i.e. to skeletal muscles).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The dorsal root ganglion

A

contains the cell bodies of the neurons carrying these signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

‘Dorsal’ means…

A

toward the back

24
Q

‘ventral’ means…

A

toward the belly

25
Q

Where is grey matter mainly located in the spinal cord?

A

in the middle of the cord

26
Q

How does the CNS save energy?

A

by limiting communication between neurons

27
Q

At any moment, only ___ of your neurons are firing.

A

~4%

28
Q

The spinal nerve has a _______ shape with a _____ and a ______ horn on each side

A

butterfly
dorsal
ventral

29
Q

Spinal reflex

A

simple behaviours produced by central nervous system (CNS) pathways that lie entirely within the spinal cord
** without consulting the brain

30
Q

What nuclei does grey matter consist of?

A

sensory and motor nuclei

31
Q

Somatic sensory nuclei get signals from….

A

skin

32
Q

visceral sensory nuclei get signals from the…

A

viscera (internal organs)

33
Q

Efferent nuclei are _____

A

ventral

34
Q

Autonomic efferent nuclei send ….

A

commands to glands and smooth muscle

35
Q

motor nuclei send….

A

commands to skeletal muscle

36
Q

Ascending tracts

A

carry sensory signals to the brain. They are mainly dorsal because sensory signals arrive at the dorsal horn.

37
Q

Descending tracts

A

carry signals from the brain. They are mainly ventral, where outgoing signals leave the CNS.

38
Q

Propriospinal tracts

A

communicate information over short and long distances in the spinal cord

39
Q

6 major divisions of the brain

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
  4. Cerebellum
  5. Diencephalon
  6. Midbrain
40
Q

What make up the rain stem?

A

medulla, pons and midbrain

41
Q

What is the brainstem?

A

the main control center for many autonomic functions and reflexes, such as breathing, swallowing, vomiting, and regulating blood pressure.

42
Q

What are cranial nerves?

A

nerves that are ones that enter or leave the brain rather than the spinal cord

43
Q

Roles of cranial nerves

A

can play a role in sensation, movement or both.

44
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

the thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal

45
Q

What is the role of the thalamus?

A

to process information going to and from the cerebral cortex.

46
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

regulation of behavioural drives, endocrine and autonomic homeostasis

47
Q

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

the corpus callosum

48
Q

What glands secrete hormones in the CNS?

A

Pituitary and pineal glands

49
Q

Cerebral lateralization

A

functional specialization of the two cerebral hemispheres.

50
Q

What makes up the corpus callosum

A

a large bundle of myelinated axons.

51
Q

4 Lobes of each brain hemisphere

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

52
Q

limbic system

A

the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses, especially when it comes to behaviours we need for survival: feeding, reproduction and caring for our young, and fight or flight responses.

53
Q

Cingulate gyrus (part of the limbic system)

A

is an arch-shaped convolution situated just above the corpus callosum and has an important part of the limbic system, the cingulate gyrus helps regulate emotions and pain

54
Q

What brain parts consist of the limbic system?

A

the cingulate gyrus, amygdala, and hippocampus.

55
Q

What is the role of the basal ganglia?

A

responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions.

PSL 300 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions