Lecture 12

Question 1

Adrenal medulla

Answer 1

modified sympathetic ganglia (each secretory cell is a neuron without an axon)

Question 2

Adrenal cortex

Answer 2

• the body’s steroid factory
  the outer region and largest part of the adrenal gland

Question 3

Catecholamine

Answer 3

a hormone produced by the adrenal glands located above the kidneys
- Increases heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, muscle strength and mental alertness

Question 4

3 Main types of catecholamines

Answer 4

1. Dopamine
2. Norepinephrine
3. Epinephrine

Question 5

Androgens

Answer 5

are sex hormones

Question 6

ACTH

Answer 6

Adrenocorticotropic hormone- produced by the anterior pituitary & increases androgen production

Question 7

What regulates catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla

Answer 7

The main hormone is epinephrine because it is secreted in sufficient quantity to exert effects

Question 8

Catecholamine release is stimulated by….

Answer 8

activation of the sympathetic nervous system (“fight or flight” response)

Question 9

Glucocorticoid

Answer 9

steroid hormones produced from the cortex of adrenal glands and fight inflammation and work with your immune system to treat wide range of health problems

Question 10

Cortisol

Answer 10

is a long term stress hormone and steroid hormone (and the main glucocorticoid) which increases glucose levels in the bloodstream and increases the availability of substances in the body that repair tissue. Continuous secretion, diurnal rhythm (plays a critical role in the circadian rhythm)

Question 11

Analongs

Answer 11

similarity of function and superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins.

For example, the wings of a fly, a moth, and a bird are analogous because they developed independently as adaptations to a common function—flying

Question 12

4 Cortisol Essential functions

Answer 12

1. Promotes gluconeogenesis
2. Causes breakdown of skeletal muscle proteins
3. Enhances lipolysis
4. Suppresses the immune system

Question 13

Adrenal Hormone disorders

Answer 13

1. Addison’s disease
2. Cushing’s syndrome

Question 14

Addison’s disease

Answer 14

adrenal insufficiency
- hyposecretion of adrenal steroid hormones
- hypotension & hypoglycemia

Question 15

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 15

cortisol excess
- hyperglycemia

Question 16

3 Catecholamines Secreted by the Adrenal Cortex

Answer 16

1. Aldosterone
2. Cortisol
3. Androgens