Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Average daily water gains and losses equation

A

[Intake (2.2 L/day)+ Metabolic production (0.3L/day)]- Output (2.5L/day)= 0

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2
Q

Hypotension

A

a decrease in systemic blood pressure below accepted low values (bp less than 90/60)

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3
Q

Nephron

A

the functional unit of the kidney and is responsible for 5 main functions-
1. Excreting waste
2. Regulating blood volume
3. Controlling electrolytes
4. Marinating blood pH
5. Producing vitamin D via PTH

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4
Q

Excessive water loss causes __________ blood pressure

A

decreased

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5
Q

What does vasopressin influence?

A

H20 reabsorption
regulates the permeability of cells in the kidney
Increased permeability= increased reabsorption and low urine output

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6
Q

What does Aldosterone influence?

A

Na+ reabsorption
K+ secretion

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7
Q

What does Atrial natriuretic peptide influence?

A

H2O reabsorption
Na+ reabsorption
K+ secretion

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8
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

a chemical produce in the brain that causes kidneys to release less water, thus decreasing the amount of urine produced

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9
Q

Vasopressin

A

is an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that is synthesized in the hypothalamus and is secreted from the posterior pituitary

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10
Q

Vasopressin primary function

A

to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys (to conserve body water, maintain homeostasis and increase blood volume/ blood pressure)

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11
Q

What triggers vasopressin release?

A

Low blood pressure is detected & High plasma osmolarity

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12
Q

Osmolarity

A

the measure of different solutes in the plasma (osmolarity is the most potent stimulus for vasopressin release)

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13
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

the zone of the adrenal gland in which aldosterone is produced

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14
Q

RAAS (renin-angiotensinogen pathway)

A

critical regulator of blood pressure (blood volume and electrolyte balance)

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15
Q

Aldosterone

A

a steroid hormone that is synthesized in the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and therefor water.

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16
Q

Aldosterone 3 main functions

A
  1. Na+ reabsorption (to retain water)
    1. K+ secretion
    2. Acting on the distal tubule and collecting duct
17
Q

What controls aldosterone synthesis?

A

negative feedback

18
Q

Stimulators of aldosterone

A
  • High plasma potassium concentration
  • Angiotensin II (low blood pressure)- RAAS
19
Q

Inhibitors of aldosterone

A

High osmolarity/ extracellular fluid

20
Q

Angiotensin 2

A

increases vasopressin, stimulates thirst and is a potent vasoconstrictor and increases proximal tube Na+ retention

21
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Effects

A
  • Na+ and H2O reabsorption (lowers blood pressure)
  • K+ reabsorption