Lecture 18 - Changes in Maori Language Education Flashcards
Linking of language, culture and identity
Without language we don’t have a proper understanding of culture or of identity
“language is the life force of mana maori”
-> knowledge of te reo has suffered despite the promises of article 2 of the treaty
->Revitalisation is a way to support decolonisation. Supporting learning of te reo ensures tamariki thrive.
When were the first mission schools established? What were these + what was the approach to te reo?
Established in the bay of islands, 1816 by Thomas Kendall
These were delivered in te reo but was mainly a tool for religious education.
Education ordinance act of 1847
Governor grey mission schools should be taught in english, this excluded maori who did not understand it
by the 1850s what was the status of te reo? What contributed to it’s further demise?
-By 1850s te reo was a minority language
-The native school acts of 1858 and 1867 + the native school code of 1880 further ensure its demise as they reinforced assimilation (i.e. extinction of maori culture by just getting them to fit in with European life). Specifically these acts saw english to be the only language used in schools with physical punishments the consequence of using te reo (create trauma in regards to native language use). One of the acts also forced maori students to board at school serving to isolate them from their culture/ language.
In 1900 what was the state of te reo in schools?
No te reo
What cultural things in the period of the 1940s/ 50s contributed to disrupting the passing down of te reo?
-World war 2
-Urban migration ‘pepper potting’ = this put maori families at the center of pakeha clusters isolating them from other families and the ability to share culture/ language
1960s
-Playcentre encourages maori parents to speak english
-1961 = the hunn report = Promoted integration rather than assimilation (signals shift) -> BUT blamed maori for failings = implemented taha maori (tokenistic) - maori continued to fail in education systems
What occured in the 70s in terms of the revitalisation of te reo + why was it important?
-1972 = petition by nga tamatoa and the te reo maori society
- te ra o te reo maori = te reo language day, which shifted to te wiki o te reo maori in 1975
-1979 = Te Ataarangai = taught te reo to adults and has been one of the most successful programs for adults
initiatives in schools during the 1980s to increase te reo
- 1981 = Te Kohanga Reo = for preschool aged kids
-1985= Te Kura kaupapa maori = school aged
1986
WAI 11 report of the waitangi tribunal
-Was a claim that was put in outlining how the crown has failed to fulfil it’s treaty promise the treasure and keep te reo alive.
response to the WAI11 report of the waitangi tribunal
-1987= maori language act & te taura whiri i te reo maori -> effected broadcasting, maori became an official language of NZ, started to be viewed as a treasure.
- 1999 = maori education strategy to try fill gaps between maori and pakeha achievement rates
-series of programs but in place by the ministry for education to try and revitalize maori
- 2000 = Kotahi Mano kaika
-2008 = Ka Hikitia = managing for success
-2011= Tataiako = cultural competencies for teachers of maori learners
- 2013 = Ka Hikitia = accelerating success, Tay Mai te Reo = the maori language strategy in education
The maori language strategy of 2014
5 goals developed in consultation with iwi=
Te Mana o te Reo
Increasing the status of the Māori language in New Zealand society.
Te Ako o te Reo
Increasing the number of whānau Māori and other New Zealanders who can speak Māori.
Te Mārama Pū ki te Whakaora Reo
Increasing critical awareness about Māori language revitalisation.
Te Kounga o te Reo
Supporting the quality and appropriate use of the Māori language and iwi dialect maintenance.
Te Kōrerotanga o te Reo
Increasing the use of the Māori language among whānau Māori and other New Zealanders,
especially in the home.
Most recent developments/ initiatives for the revitalisation of te reo
-Te ture o te reo maori 2016 = the new maori language act te matawai
-Te maihi maori 2017-2040
-Te Maihi karauna = the crowns strategy for maori language revitalisation (2019-2023)
-2019-2020= te ahu o te reo maori pilot programs(try aid teaching maori in schools)
2020= Ka Hikitia- ka hapaitia = the maori education strategy
The ultimate goal recently is to make NZ a bilingual nation.
ZePA model of language revitalisation
- Discussed more in textbook
Zero = not making any contributes
Passive= awareness but not action
Active= learning and helping to revitalisation
Wherever you are try to move along the model to progress up starts to being an active user
