Lecture 15 - Struggle and Advancing in a Stealthy Manner, 1881 -1918

Question 1

Hall Government 1879-1882

Answer 1

-John Hall, MP Selwyn (Canterbury) Oct 1879- April 1882
Premier

-John Bryce MP Wanganui and Waitotara Oct 1879-Jan 1881
Native Minister

Question 1

Date of Parihaka invasion

Answer 1

-5 November 1881

-Had to wait for Governor Gordon to leave the country

Question 2

Hall-Whittaker Government 1879-1883

Answer 2

-John Hall, MP Selwyn (Canterbury) Oct 1879- April 1882

-Sir Frederick Whittaker, LCouncillor April 1882-Sept 1883

Question 3

Native ministers in the hall-whittaker government

Answer 3

-John Bryce MP Wanganui and Waitotara Oct 1879-Jan 1881

-William Rolleston MP For Avon (Chch) Feb-Oct 1881

• John Bryce Oct 1881 -Aug 1884

Question 4

What was Bryce’s next big goal after parihaka ?

Answer 4

-From the period of 1881- Auguster 1884 Bryce turns attention to the maori king tawhiao in the king country

-Bryce demands (threatens- says that he will ensure that land claims in the south were denied) that the King Country be opened up for
development

Results in:
-Building of roads and railways through the Tainui and Ngāti Maniapoto lands

-Subjecting the King Country lands to investigation by the Native Land Court.

-Government devides Tainui and Ngāti Maniapoto and achieves their goals. Further Maori Land loss is a result.

Question 5

Hori Kerei Taiaroa + what key commission did he contribute to?

Answer 5

1871-1879, 1881-1885
* MP Southern Māori

1879-1881, 1885-1905
* Legislative Council

-Petitions Governments for the Reserves: input into the smith-narin royal commission of inquiry 1879: this was established to investigate
grievances associated with a number of the Crown’s purchases of land from Ngāi Tahu.

-The funding for the commission was halted (by bryce) before the final report could be produced.

Question 6

1884 general election

Answer 6

-1883 Harry Atkinson MP for Taranaki
becomes Prime Minister

• John Bryce remains Native Minister
• Government is becoming unpopular economic problems

-1884 Election called. Harry Atkinson’s
supporters lose seats . Stalemate for two months. Atkinson loses Office. Bryce ousted as Native Minister

-Stout government results

Question 7

Stout Government 1884-1887

Answer 7

-Robert Stout, MP Dunedin East 1884- 1887 Premier

-John Ballance MP Wanganui 1884-1887
Native Minister

-Shift in policy of dealing with Māori (softer than bryce)

-Supportive of Māori maintaining
their own lands Native Land Court continued to investigate lands

Question 8

Hori Kerei Taiaroa response to stout government

Answer 8

-Comes back in an attempt to petition government for reserve again

-Alexander McKay commission of enquiry is started

Question 9

Alexander McKay
Commission of Inquiry 1886

Answer 9

-Ngāi Tahu people needed
enough land to generate an
income and support

-Recommended over 200,000
acres of reserves
be created. Nothing done

Question 10

Political Parties Form 1890s onward

Answer 10

Liberal Party in power 1891-1912:
-John Balance 1891-1893
-Richard John Seddon 1893-1906
-William Hall Jones 1906
-Joseph Ward 1906-1912

Reform Party in power 1912-1928:
-William Massey 1912-1925

Question 11

Māori Land Claims Commission in 1891

Answer 11

-Set up to investigate long standing issues about Native land

-Other than change laws about Māori land, nothing in substance is done

-Done under John Balance’s liberal government.

Question 12

Major legislation targeted towards Maori
land

Answer 12

-Designed to alienate more Māori lands into Pākehā hands
* Native Land Act 1880
* Native Land Court Act 1894
* Native Land Act 1909

Again done under the balance and seddon liberal governments.

Question 13

Māori MPs critical of continuing land loss

Answer 13

-Northern Māori MP Hone Heke Ngapua
-Eastern Māori MP Wi Pere

Question 14

Twentieth Century
(Social aspects of Māori)

Answer 14

-Māori Population is at an all time low (50,000 maori compared to 800,000 europeans)

-General consensus amongst Pākehā that Māori were a dying race

-Māori located in mainly rural areas

-Land holdings are severely depleted

Question 15

James Carroll MP (1887-1919)
Liberal Party

Answer 15

Eastern Maori MP
* Waiapu MP
* Gisborne MP

-Minister in the Liberal Government
-Executive Council
-Tried to slow the the loss of Māori land but to no avail

Question 16

Apirana Ngata MP (1905-1943)
Liberal Party

Answer 16

-Eastern Maori MP

-Supported James Carroll’s attempts to
slow the loss of Māori land as well

Question 17

Hori Kerei Taiaroa further attempts to get land back and the resulting south island landless natives act (1906)

Answer 17

-Hori Kerei Taiaroa efforts finally resulted in SILNA (passed by the liberal government at the time)

-Allocated to every man, woman and child in the South Island (using Mackay’s lists created in the 1886 -> note that going off this list was inself a little strange cause it meant people who were dead were allocated land) 40 acres/ 20 acres

• HOWEVER, these were in remote areas that could not be used.

-Fiordland, steep hills, gullies, no access

Question 18

Tuhoe lands
(Eastern Bay of Plenty)

Answer 18

-Liberal Government begins a systematic accumulation of Tuhoe lands 1890s - 1920s

-Native Land Court convenes in territory

-Forced sales

Question 19

Reform party 1912- 1919 + What lead to it’s creation?

Answer 19

-William Massey Prime Minister 1912-1925

• Ngata and Carroll no longer in Government (land sales increase even more)

-In the liberal party period no one could form a government in alternative government that got to power. This meant that all viable candidates just joined the liberal party and it had branches (moderate, liberal, conservative party)
-> these branches were at locker heads with each other in the early 1900s and the conservative branch becomes the reform party.

Question 20

World war one

Answer 20

-Happened during the reform government

-Māori have mixed feelings about the War

-North Auckland iwi are generally supportive

-Māori in Confiscation areas are particularly anti-war (why should we fight for the crown when they took our lands?)

• A number of Māori refuse to join in a colonial war (European issue)

Question 21

Te Puaa Herangi

Answer 21

-Te Puea Herangi
(grand daughter of Tawhiao) Particularly critical of the government wanting Maori to join in the colonial war.

-In response to this resistance the Government Targets Waikato
for conscription of men.

-This was done to teach Te Puea a lesson -> and they didn’t even just take men they took people who were super young and super old. i.e. They weren’t interested in following the law, just wanted to show the consequences that result from going against the crown.