Lecture 15 - Struggle and Advancing in a Stealthy Manner, 1881 -1918 Flashcards
Hall Government 1879-1882
-John Hall, MP Selwyn (Canterbury) Oct 1879- April 1882
Premier
-John Bryce MP Wanganui and Waitotara Oct 1879-Jan 1881
Native Minister
Date of Parihaka invasion
-5 November 1881
-Had to wait for Governor Gordon to leave the country
Hall-Whittaker Government 1879-1883
-John Hall, MP Selwyn (Canterbury) Oct 1879- April 1882
-Sir Frederick Whittaker, LCouncillor April 1882-Sept 1883
Native ministers in the hall-whittaker government
-John Bryce MP Wanganui and Waitotara Oct 1879-Jan 1881
-William Rolleston MP For Avon (Chch) Feb-Oct 1881
- John Bryce Oct 1881 -Aug 1884
What was Bryce’s next big goal after parihaka ?
-From the period of 1881- Auguster 1884 Bryce turns attention to the maori king tawhiao in the king country
-Bryce demands (threatens- says that he will ensure that land claims in the south were denied) that the King Country be opened up for
development
Results in:
-Building of roads and railways through the Tainui and Ngāti Maniapoto lands
-Subjecting the King Country lands to investigation by the Native Land Court.
-Government devides Tainui and Ngāti Maniapoto and achieves their goals. Further Maori Land loss is a result.
Hori Kerei Taiaroa + what key commission did he contribute to?
1871-1879, 1881-1885
* MP Southern Māori
1879-1881, 1885-1905
* Legislative Council
-Petitions Governments for the Reserves: input into the smith-narin royal commission of inquiry 1879: this was established to investigate
grievances associated with a number of the Crown’s purchases of land from Ngāi Tahu.
-The funding for the commission was halted (by bryce) before the final report could be produced.
1884 general election
-1883 Harry Atkinson MP for Taranaki
becomes Prime Minister
- John Bryce remains Native Minister
- Government is becoming unpopular economic problems
-1884 Election called. Harry Atkinson’s
supporters lose seats . Stalemate for two months. Atkinson loses Office. Bryce ousted as Native Minister
-Stout government results
Stout Government 1884-1887
-Robert Stout, MP Dunedin East 1884- 1887 Premier
-John Ballance MP Wanganui 1884-1887
Native Minister
-Shift in policy of dealing with Māori (softer than bryce)
-Supportive of Māori maintaining
their own lands Native Land Court continued to investigate lands
Hori Kerei Taiaroa response to stout government
-Comes back in an attempt to petition government for reserve again
-Alexander McKay commission of enquiry is started
Alexander McKay
Commission of Inquiry 1886
-Ngāi Tahu people needed
enough land to generate an
income and support
-Recommended over 200,000
acres of reserves
be created. Nothing done
Political Parties Form 1890s onward
Liberal Party in power 1891-1912:
-John Balance 1891-1893
-Richard John Seddon 1893-1906
-William Hall Jones 1906
-Joseph Ward 1906-1912
Reform Party in power 1912-1928:
-William Massey 1912-1925
Māori Land Claims Commission in 1891
-Set up to investigate long standing issues about Native land
-Other than change laws about Māori land, nothing in substance is done
-Done under John Balance’s liberal government.
Major legislation targeted towards Maori
land
-Designed to alienate more Māori lands into Pākehā hands
* Native Land Act 1880
* Native Land Court Act 1894
* Native Land Act 1909
Again done under the balance and seddon liberal governments.
Māori MPs critical of continuing land loss
-Northern Māori MP Hone Heke Ngapua
-Eastern Māori MP Wi Pere
Twentieth Century
(Social aspects of Māori)
-Māori Population is at an all time low (50,000 maori compared to 800,000 europeans)
-General consensus amongst Pākehā that Māori were a dying race
-Māori located in mainly rural areas
-Land holdings are severely depleted
James Carroll MP (1887-1919)
Liberal Party
Eastern Maori MP
* Waiapu MP
* Gisborne MP
-Minister in the Liberal Government
-Executive Council
-Tried to slow the the loss of Māori land but to no avail
Apirana Ngata MP (1905-1943)
Liberal Party
-Eastern Maori MP
-Supported James Carroll’s attempts to
slow the loss of Māori land as well
Hori Kerei Taiaroa further attempts to get land back and the resulting south island landless natives act (1906)
-Hori Kerei Taiaroa efforts finally resulted in SILNA (passed by the liberal government at the time)
-Allocated to every man, woman and child in the South Island (using Mackay’s lists created in the 1886 -> note that going off this list was inself a little strange cause it meant people who were dead were allocated land) 40 acres/ 20 acres
- HOWEVER, these were in remote areas that could not be used.
-Fiordland, steep hills, gullies, no access
Tuhoe lands
(Eastern Bay of Plenty)
-Liberal Government begins a systematic accumulation of Tuhoe lands 1890s - 1920s
-Native Land Court convenes in territory
-Forced sales
Reform party 1912- 1919 + What lead to it’s creation?
-William Massey Prime Minister 1912-1925
- Ngata and Carroll no longer in Government (land sales increase even more)
-In the liberal party period no one could form a government in alternative government that got to power. This meant that all viable candidates just joined the liberal party and it had branches (moderate, liberal, conservative party)
-> these branches were at locker heads with each other in the early 1900s and the conservative branch becomes the reform party.
World war one
-Happened during the reform government
-Māori have mixed feelings about the War
-North Auckland iwi are generally supportive
-Māori in Confiscation areas are particularly anti-war (why should we fight for the crown when they took our lands?)
- A number of Māori refuse to join in a colonial war (European issue)
Te Puaa Herangi
-Te Puea Herangi
(grand daughter of Tawhiao) Particularly critical of the government wanting Maori to join in the colonial war.
-In response to this resistance the Government Targets Waikato
for conscription of men.
-This was done to teach Te Puea a lesson -> and they didn’t even just take men they took people who were super young and super old. i.e. They weren’t interested in following the law, just wanted to show the consequences that result from going against the crown.
