Lecture 18

Question 1

Mouth

Answer 1

Lips and cheeks
Vestibule
Oral cavity proper

Question 2

Lips and cheeks—–

Answer 2

contains buccinator muscle that keeps food between upper & lower teeth

Question 3

Vestibule—

Answer 3

area between cheeks and teeth

Question 4

Oral cavity proper—

Answer 4

the roof = hard, soft palate and uvula

floor = the tongue

Question 5

Pharyngeal Arches: 2 skeletal muscles

Answer 5

Palatoglossal muscle

Palatopharyngeal muscle

Question 6

Palatoglossal muscle:

Answer 6

extends from palate to tongue
forms the first arch
posterior limit of the mouth

Question 7

Palatopharyngeal muscle:

Answer 7

extends from palate to pharyngeal wall
forms the second arch
behind the palatine tonsil

Question 8

Salivary Glands:

Answer 8

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 9

Composition and Functions of Saliva:

Answer 9

1. Wet food for easier swallowing
2. Dissolves food for tasting
3. Bicarbonate ions buffer acidic foods
4. Chemical digestion of starch begins with enzyme (salivary amylase)
5. Enzyme (lysozyme) —helps destroy bacteria
6. Protects

Question 10

Increase salivation:

Answer 10

1. sight, smell, sounds, memory of food, tongue stimulation—rock in mouth
2. cerebral cortex signals the salivatory nuclei
3. parasympathetic nn.

Question 11

Stop salivation:

Answer 11

1. dry mouth when you are afraid

2. sympathetic nerves

Question 12

Myxovirus

Answer 12

Mumps

attacks the parotid gland

Question 13

Symptoms of Myxovirus:

Answer 13

• inflammation and enlargement of the parotid
• fever, malaise & sour throat (especially swallowing sour foods)
• swelling on one or both sides

Question 14

Structure and Function of the Tongue:

Answer 14

• Papillae

- attached to hyoid, mandible, hard palate and styloid process

Question 15

Papillae:

Answer 15

are the bumps—taste buds are protected by being on the sides of papillae

Question 16

Tooth Structure:

Answer 16

Crown
Neck
Roots
Pulp cavity

Question 17

Enamel

Answer 17

• hardest substance in body

- calcium phosphate or carbonate

Question 18

Dentin:

Answer 18

calcified connective tissue

Question 19

Cementum:

Answer 19

• bone-like

- periodontal ligament penetrates it

Question 20

Primary or baby teeth:

Answer 20

• 20 teeth that start erupting at 6 months

- 1 new pair of teeth per month

Question 21

Permanent teeth:

Answer 21

• 32 teeth that erupt between 6 and 12 years of age

- differing structures indicate function

Question 22

Mechanical digestion (mastication or chewing):

Answer 22

• breaks into pieces

- mixes with saliva so it forms a bolus

Question 23

Chemical digestion

Answer 23

Amylase

Lingual lipase

Question 24

amylase:

Answer 24

• begins starch digestion at pH of 6.5 or 7.0 found in mouth

- when bolus & enzyme hit the pH 2.5 gastric juices hydrolysis ceases

Question 25

lingual lipase:

Answer 25

• secreted by glands in tongue

- begins breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol