Lecture 18 Flashcards
Mouth
Lips and cheeks
Vestibule
Oral cavity proper
Lips and cheeks—–
contains buccinator muscle that keeps food between upper & lower teeth
Vestibule—
area between cheeks and teeth
Oral cavity proper—
the roof = hard, soft palate and uvula
floor = the tongue
Pharyngeal Arches: 2 skeletal muscles
Palatoglossal muscle
Palatopharyngeal muscle
Palatoglossal muscle:
extends from palate to tongue
forms the first arch
posterior limit of the mouth
Palatopharyngeal muscle:
extends from palate to pharyngeal wall
forms the second arch
behind the palatine tonsil
Salivary Glands:
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Composition and Functions of Saliva:
- Wet food for easier swallowing
- Dissolves food for tasting
- Bicarbonate ions buffer acidic foods
- Chemical digestion of starch begins with enzyme (salivary amylase)
- Enzyme (lysozyme) —helps destroy bacteria
- Protects
Increase salivation:
- sight, smell, sounds, memory of food, tongue stimulation—rock in mouth
- cerebral cortex signals the salivatory nuclei
- parasympathetic nn.
Stop salivation:
- dry mouth when you are afraid
2. sympathetic nerves
Myxovirus
Mumps
attacks the parotid gland
Symptoms of Myxovirus:
- inflammation and enlargement of the parotid
- fever, malaise & sour throat (especially swallowing sour foods)
- swelling on one or both sides
Structure and Function of the Tongue:
- Papillae
- attached to hyoid, mandible, hard palate and styloid process
Papillae:
are the bumps—taste buds are protected by being on the sides of papillae
Tooth Structure:
Crown
Neck
Roots
Pulp cavity
Enamel
- hardest substance in body
- calcium phosphate or carbonate
Dentin:
calcified connective tissue
Cementum:
- bone-like
- periodontal ligament penetrates it
Primary or baby teeth:
- 20 teeth that start erupting at 6 months
- 1 new pair of teeth per month
Permanent teeth:
- 32 teeth that erupt between 6 and 12 years of age
- differing structures indicate function
Mechanical digestion (mastication or chewing):
- breaks into pieces
- mixes with saliva so it forms a bolus
Chemical digestion
Amylase
Lingual lipase
amylase:
- begins starch digestion at pH of 6.5 or 7.0 found in mouth
- when bolus & enzyme hit the pH 2.5 gastric juices hydrolysis ceases
lingual lipase:
- secreted by glands in tongue
- begins breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol