Lecture 11

Question 1

Nonspecific Resistance to Disease:

Answer 1

1. INNATE IMMUNITY
2. Immediate protection
3. Mechanisms function regardless of type of invader

Question 2

Skin & Mucous Membranes:

Answer 2

Mechanical protection

Chemical protection

Question 3

Mechanical protection:

Answer 3

1. skin closely packed, keratinized cells
2. mucous membrane secretes mucous
3. washing action of tears, urine, and saliva

Question 4

Chemical protection:

Answer 4

1. sebum inhibits growth bacteria
2. perspiration lysozymes breakdown bacterial cells
3. acidic pH of gastric juice and vaginal secretions destroys bacteria

Question 5

Internal Defenses:

Answer 5

interferons
complement proteins
transferrin

Question 6

Antimicrobial proteins discourage

Answer 6

microbial growth

Question 7

Interferons:

Answer 7

produced by infected lymphocytes and macrophages

diffuse to neighboring cells

Question 8

complement proteins:

Answer 8

• inactive proteins blood plasma

- when activated = enhance immune

Question 9

transferrins:

Answer 9

iron-binding proteins

Question 10

Fever:

Answer 10

Abnormally high body temperature that occurs because the hypothalamic thermostat is reset

Question 11

Fever occurs during:

Answer 11

infection & inflammation

Question 12

Fever benefits:

Answer 12

intensifies effects of interferons

Question 13

Phagocytes (neutrophils & macrophages):

Answer 13

• ingest microbes or particulate matter

- macrophages developed from monocytes

Question 14

Emigration & Phagocytosis in WBCs:

Answer 14

WBCs

Neutrophils and macrophages

Question 15

In Emigration and Phagocytosis: WBCs roll along

Answer 15

endothelium, stick to it & squeeze between cells.

Question 16

In Emigration and Phagocytosis:Neutrophils & macrophages phagocytize

Answer 16

bacteria & debris

Question 17

All WBCs (leukocytes) have

Answer 17

a nucleus and no hemoglobin

Question 18

Granular or agranular classification based on presence of

Answer 18

cytoplasmic granules made visible by staining