Lecture 16

Question 1

Eupnea =

Answer 1

normal quiet breathing

Question 2

Apnea =

Answer 2

temporary cessation of breathing

Question 3

Dyspnea =

Answer 3

difficult or labored breathing

Question 4

Diaphragmatic breathing =

Answer 4

descent of diaphragm causes stomach to bulge during inspiration

Question 5

Costal breathing =

Answer 5

just rib activity involved

Question 6

Tidal volume =

Answer 6

amount air moved during quiet breathing

Question 7

MVR=

Answer 7

minute ventilation is amount of air moved in a minute

Question 8

Reserve volumes —-

Answer 8

amount you can breathe either in or out above that amount of tidal volume

Question 9

Residual volume =

Answer 9

1200 mL permanently trapped air in system

Question 10

Vital capacity & total lung capacity are

Answer 10

sums of the other volumes

Question 11

Air =

Answer 11

21% O2, 79% N2 and .04% CO2

Question 12

Alveolar air =

Answer 12

14% O2, 79% N2 and 5.2% CO2

Question 13

Expired air =

Answer 13

16% O2, 79% N2 and 4.5% CO2

Question 14

Henry’s Law:

Answer 14

• Quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid depends upon the amount of gas present and its solubility coefficient
• Breathing O2 under pressure dissolves more O2 in blood

Question 15

Hyperbaric Oxygenation:

Answer 15

Use of pressure to dissolve more O2 in the blood

-anaerobic bacteria die in the presence of O2

Question 16

External Respiration:

Answer 16

1. Gases diffuse from areas of high partial pressure to areas of low partial pressure
2. Exchange of gas between air & blood
3. Deoxygenated blood becomes saturated
4. Compare gas movements in pulmonary capillaries to tissue capillaries

Question 17

Rate of Diffusion of Gases:

Answer 17

• Depends upon partial pressure of gases in air
• Large surface area of our alveoli
• Diffusion distance is very small
• Solubility & molecular weight of gases

Question 18

O2 smaller molecule diffuses

Answer 18

somewhat faster

Question 19

CO2 dissolves

Answer 19

24X more easily in water so net outward diffusion of CO2 is much faster

Question 20

Internal Respiration:

Answer 20

1. Exchange of gases between blood & tissues
2. Conversion of oxygenated blood into deoxygenated
3. Observe diffusion of O2 inward
4. Observe diffusion of CO2 outward

Question 21

acidosis =

Answer 21

more exhalation (volume and frequency) can help return to homeostasis. This is hyperventilation.

Question 22

alkalosis =

Answer 22

less exhalation (volume and frequency) can help return to homeostasis (as can ‘rebreathing’ with a bag). This is hypoventilation.

Question 23

Oxygen Transport in the Blood:

Answer 23

1. Oxyhemoglobin contains 98.5% chemically combined oxygen and hemoglobin
2. Does not dissolve easily in water
3. Only the dissolved O2 can diffuse into tissues

Question 24

Blood is almost fully saturated at

Answer 24

pO2 of 60mm

Question 25

Between 40 & 20 mm Hg,

Answer 25

large amounts of O2 are released as in areas of need like contracting muscle

Question 26

=

Bohr effect

Answer 26

As acidity increases, O2 affinity for Hb decreases

Question 27

Acidity & Oxygen Affinity for Hb:

Answer 27

1. Bohr effect
2. H+ binds to hemoglobin & alters it
3. O2 left behind in needy tissues

Question 28

Temperature & Oxygen Release:

Answer 28

1. As temperature increases, more O2 is released
2. Metabolic activity & heat
3. More biphosphoglycerate (BPG), more O2 released

Question 29

Carbon Dioxide Transport:

Answer 29

100 ml of blood carries 55 ml of CO2

Question 30

CO2 Is carried by the blood in 3 ways:

Answer 30

1. dissolved in plasma
2. combined with the globin part of Hb molecule forming carbaminohemoglobin
3. as part of bicarbonate ion