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Anatomy and Physiology II > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells continually use

A

O2 & release CO2

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2
Q

Respiratory system designed for

A

gas exchange

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3
Q

Cardiovascular system transports

A

gases in blood

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4
Q

Failure of either system =

A

rapid cell death from O2 starvat

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5
Q

Anatomy for Respiratory:

A 
Nose
Pharynx 
Larynx = voicebox
Trachea = windpipe
Bronchi = airways
Lungs
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6
Q

Pharynx =

A

throat

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7
Q

Larynx =

A

voicebox

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8
Q

Trachea =

A

windpipe

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9
Q

Bronchi =

A

airways

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10
Q

Locations of infections:

A
  • upper respiratory tract is above vocal cords

- lower respiratory tract is below vocal cords

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11
Q
  1. Nose: External Nasal Structures:
A
  • Skin, nasal bones, & cartilage lined with mucous membrane
  • Openings called external nares or nostrils
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12
Q

Presence of adipose tissue =

A

insulation

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13
Q

Nose: Internal Structures:

A

Roof
Internal nares (choanae)
Nasal septum
Bony swelling or conchase

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14
Q

Roof is made up of

A

ethmoid and floor is hard palate

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15
Q

Internal nares (choanae) are

A

openings to pharynx

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16
Q

Nasal septum is composed of

A

bone & cartilage

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17
Q

Bony swelling or conchae on

A

lateral walls

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18
Q

Functions of Nose:

A

Olfactory epithelium
Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar
Paranasal sinuses

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19
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

for sense of smell

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20
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with

A

Goblet cells lines nasal cavity:

  • warms air
  • moistens air and traps dust
  • cilia moves across mucous
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21
Q

Paranasal sinuses open into

A

nasal cavity:

lighten skull and resonate voice

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22
Q
  1. Pharynx:
A
  • Muscular tube
  • Extends
  • 3 Distinct regions
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23
Q

Pharynx: Muscular tube:

A

(5 inch long) hanging from skull

-skeletal muscle (voluntary) & mucous membrane

24
Q

Pharynx: Extends from

A

internal nares to cricoid cartilage

25
Q

Pharynx: Functions:

A
  • passageway for food and air
  • resonating chamber for speech production
  • tonsil (lymphatic tissue) in the walls protects entryway into body
26
Q

Pharynx: 3 regions:

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

27
Q

Nasopharynx:

A
  • From choanae to soft palate(openings of auditory)

- Passageway for air only (pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium)

28
Q

Oropharynx:

A

-does not have ciliated cells
-From soft palate to epiglottis
-Common passageway for food & air, water
(stratifued squamous epithelium)

29
Q

Laryngopharynx:

A

-Extends from epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
-Common passageway for food & air & ends as esophagus inferiorly
(stratified squamous epithelium)

30
Q
  1. Cartilages of the Larynx:
A
  1. Thyroid cartilage
  2. Epiglottis
  3. Cricoid cartilage
  4. Pair of arytenoid cartilages
31
Q

Thyroid cartilage forms

A

Adam’s apple - testosterone dependent

32
Q

Epiglottis–

A
  • leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage

- bends to cover glottis

33
Q

Cricoid cartilage—

A

ring of cartilage attached to top of trachea

34
Q

Pair of arytenoid cartilages sit upon

A

cricoid

  • responsible for own movement
  • partially buried in vocal folds
35
Q

Larynx:

A
  1. Cartilage & connective tissue tube
  2. Anterior to C4 to C6
  3. Constructed of 3 single & 3 paired cartilages
36
Q

Vocal Cords:

A

True and False

37
Q

False vocal cords:(ventricular folds) found above

A 
vocal folds (true vocal cords)
-structure
38
Q

True vocal cords attach to

A

arytenoid cartilages

-sounds

39
Q

The Structures of Voice Production:True vocal cord contains both

A

skeletal muscle and an elastic ligament (vocal ligament)

40
Q

When 10 intrinsic muscles of the larynx contract =

A

move cartilages & stretch vocal cord tight

41
Q

When air is pushed past tight ligament =

A

sound is produced

42
Q

The tighter the ligament

A

the higher the pitch

43
Q

To increase volume of sound =

A

push air harder

44
Q
  1. Trachea
A
  • Size is 5 in long & 1in diameter
  • Extends from larynx to T5 anterior to the esophagus and then splits into bronchi
  • Layers
45
Q

4 Layers of Trachea:

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. hyaline cartilage
  4. adventitia
46
Q

mucosa =

A

pseudostratified columnar with cilia & goblet

47
Q

submucosa =

A

loose connective tissue & seromucous glands

48
Q

hyaline cartilage =

A

16 to 20 incomplete rings

-open side facing esophagus contains trachealis m. (smooth)

49
Q

adventitia =

A

binds it to other organs

50
Q

Trachea and Bronchial Tree

A

Full extent of airways is visible starting at the larynx and trachea

51
Q

Branching sequence:

A
  1. Pimary bronchi
  2. Secondary bronchu
  3. Tertiary bronchi
  4. Bronchioles
  5. Terminal bronchioles
52
Q

Branching sequence provide:

A
  • airway to each lobe of lungs

- from larynx down = airway exchange is purpose

53
Q

Histology of the Trachea:

A
  • Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • Hyaline cartilage as C-shaped structure closed by trachealis muscle
  • expansion of esophagus
54
Q

Airway Epithelium:

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells produce moving mucus.

55
Q

Intubation:

A
  • Reestablishing flow

- passing a tube from mouth or nose through larynx and trachea

56
Q

Tracheostomy:

A
  • Reestablishing flow

- incision in trachea below cricoid cartilage if larynx is obstructed

Anatomy and Physiology II (26 decks)

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