Lecture 12

Question 1

Neutrophils:

Answer 1

1. Granular; 60-70% of circulating WBC
2. Fastest response
3. Direct actions against bacteria

Question 2

Monocyte:

Answer 2

1. Largest WBC, 3-8%
2. most fixed
3. take longer
4. once leave, become wandering
5. destroy microbes and clean up dead tissue

Question 3

Basophil Function:

Answer 3

1. Granular (lots of histamine!); 8-10 microns

Question 4

Eosinophil function:

Answer 4

1. Granular; 10-12 microns; 2-4% of circulating WBCs
2. Leave capillaries to enter tissue fluid
3. Release histaminase
4. attack parasitic worms
5. Phagocytize antibody-antigen complexes

Question 5

Lymphocyte Functions:

Answer 5

1. 20-25% circulating WBC
2. B cells (6-9 microns)
3. T cells (10-12 microns)
4. Natural killer cells (up to 14 microns)

Question 6

B cells (6-9 microns):

Answer 6

destroy bacteria and their toxins

turn into plasma cells that produces antibodies

Question 7

T cells (10-12 microns):

Answer 7

attack viruses, fungi, transplanted organs, cancer cells & some bacteria

Question 8

Natural killer cells (up to 14 microns):

Answer 8

attack many different microbes & some tumor cells

destroy foreign invaders by direct attack

Question 9

Detection of changes in numbers of circulating WBCs (percentages of each type) indicates:

Answer 9

infection, poisoning, leukemia, chemotherapy, parasites or allergy reaction

Question 10

Normal WBC counts:

Answer 10

neutrophils 60-70% (up if bacterial infection)
lymphocyte 20-25% (up if viral infection)
monocytes 3 – 8 % (up if fungal/viral infection)
eosinophil 2 – 4 % (up if parasite or allergy reaction)
basophil

Question 11

Immunity is the body’s ability to:

Answer 11

defend itself against specific foreign material or organisms

Question 12

Immunity differs from:

Answer 12

nonspecific defense mechanisms

Question 13

Immune system is

Answer 13

cells and tissues that produce the immune response

Question 14

Immunology is the

Answer 14

study of those responses

Question 15

T cell mature in

Answer 15

thymus

Question 16

B cells mature in

Answer 16

bone marrow

Question 17

Antigens:

Answer 17

1. Molecules or bits of foreign material
2. immunogenicity, reactivity
3. Get past the bodies nonspecific defenses

Question 18

Chemical Nature of Antigens/Epitopes:

Answer 18

• Large, complex molecules, usually proteins

- hapten

Question 19

Hapten:

Answer 19

smaller substance thatcan not trigger an immuneresponse unless attached tobody protein

Question 20

Diversity of Antigen Receptors:

Answer 20

1. Immune system can recognize and respond to a billion different epitopes
2. Explanation for great diversity
3. Each B or T cell has its own unique set of gene segments