Lecture 18

Question 1

The somatic nervous system is divided into what 2 groups

Answer 1

Question 2

The visceral nervous system is divided into what 4 groups

Answer 2

Question 3

Visceral afferent components- what are the 4 interoceptors?

Answer 3

Interoceptors
- chemoreceptors
- baroreceptors (blood pressure)
- visceral mechanoreceptors (bladder fullness)
- visceral nociceptors

Question 4

Visceral afferent components- What do the sensory receptors associate with to transmit signals to the CNS

Answer 4

Peripheral processes of pseudounipolar sensory neurons

Question 5

The anterior roots of spinal nerves carry what 2 things

Answer 5

Somatic multipolar motor neurons (skeletal muscle), autonomic multipolar motor neurons (cardiac/ smooth/ glands)

Question 6

Pseudounipolar sensory neurons exit where

Answer 6

Posterior root ganglion

Question 7

For visceral efferent (motor) neurons where is the synapse

Answer 7

Between CNS and target tissue

Question 8

What is the somatic nervous system composed of

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the visceral nervous system composed of

Answer 9

Question 10

Somatic efferent (SE): always a___________ from the CNS to the target

Answer 10

Single neuron pathway

Question 11

Autonomic efferent (VE): both SNS and PSNS utilize a _____________- to reach target

Answer 11

Two-neuron pathway with a ganglion

Question 12

Somatic and visceral afferent (SA, VA): always a ___________

Answer 12

Single neuron pathway from the periphery to the CNS

Question 13

What are the 2 divisions of the visceral motor system

Answer 13

Sympathetic/ parasympathetic

Question 14

Parasympathetic nervous system- Length of preganglionic axons and postganglionic axons?

Answer 14

Pre- Long
Post- Short

Question 15

PSNS- ganglia are located where

Answer 15

In or near wall of target organ

Question 16

PSNS- low ratio of what

Answer 16

Post- to pre-ganglionic neurons (localized effects)

Question 17

SNS- Length of preganglionic axons and postganglionic axons

Answer 17

Pre- short
Post- long

Question 18

SNS- Where are the ganglia located

Answer 18

Close to CNS

Question 19

SNS- high ratio of what

Answer 19

Post to preganglionic neurons

Question 20

Which is which

Answer 20

Question 21

Parasympathetic- where are preganglionic cell bodies

Answer 21

Brainstem nuclei and S2-S4 spinal cord segments

Question 22

Parasympathetic- where are the postganglionic cell bodies

Answer 22

In intrinsic ganglia (in or near wall of target organ)

Question 23

Sympathetic- Preganglionic cell bodies are located where

Answer 23

T1-L2 spinal cord segments

Question 24

Sympathetic- Postganglionic cell bodies are located where

Answer 24

Paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia

Question 25

Where is the only place we'll ever have preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Answer 25

T1-L2

Question 26

What is another term for the sympathetic division

Answer 26

Thoracolumbar system

Question 27

What is another term for parasympathetic division

Answer 27

Craniosacral

Question 28

Most organs receive _______ innervation from both SNS/PSNS (2 exceptions)

Answer 28

Dual

Question 29

What are the structures that receive ONLY SNS innervation

Answer 29

-Visceral structures of the body wall (arrector pili, sweat/sebaceous glands, vascular smooth muscle) - Suprarenal (adrenal) gland

Question 30

PSNS- Cranial nerves 3/7/9 carry what and originate from where

Answer 30

Preganglionic parasympathetic axons, brainstem nuclei

Question 31

PSNS- What are the targets of the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies

Answer 31

Pupillary constriction/ lens accommodation

Question 32

Cranial nerve 10 (vagus)- Where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies & postganglionic neuronal cell bodies

Answer 32

Pregang: Brainstem nucleus Postgang: intrinsic ganglia in or near the walls of the target organs

Question 33

What are the target organs for CN 10

Answer 33

Visceral organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities/ transverse colon

Question 34

Identify arrow

Answer 34

Preganglionic parasympathetic neuronal cell bodies (sacral portion)

Question 35

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic neuronal cell bodies located in the sacral portion

Answer 35

S2-S4 within the intermediate zone of the spinal cord grey matter

Question 36

Preganglionic axons originating from S2-S4 spinal cord segments travel as _______

Answer 36

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 37

Parasympathetic nervous system sacral portion- where are the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies/ what are the targets

Answer 37

Intrinsic ganglia in or near the walls of the target organs Targets - abdominal viscera beyond the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon (left colic flexure) - pelvic viscera

Question 38

Sympathetic nervous system- where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies

Answer 38

Question 39

Sympathetic nervous system- what are the paravertebral ganglia

Answer 39

Question 40

Sympathetic nervous system- where are the prevertebral ganglia

Answer 40

Question 41

Sympathetic nervous system- what connect the paravertebral ganglia with anterior rami of spinal nerves

Answer 41

White and grey rami

Question 42

Sympathetic nervous system- What is the entrance to the sympathetic chain

Answer 42

White rami

Question 43

Sympathetic nervous system- What happens in the white rami

Answer 43

All preganglionic sympathetic axons enter the sympathetic chain (coming from T1-L2)

Question 44

Sympathetic nervous system- What happens in the grey rami

Answer 44

Some postganglionic sympathetic axons exit the sympathetic chain to rejoin the anterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 45

Since preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are only found at T1-L2 spinal cord segments, ________ are only present at T1-L2 vertebral levels

Answer 45

White rami

Question 46

Since postganglionic sympathetic axons can exit the chain at any vertebral level, ________are found at all vertebral levels

Answer 46

Grey rami

Question 47

White rami are always _______ to gray rami

Answer 47

Lateral

Question 48

Sympathetic nervous system- If the target is in the body wall preganglionic axons travel in spinal nerves and synapse in __________

Answer 48

Paravertebral ganglion

Question 49

Sympathetic nervous system- If the target is in the body wall POSTganglionic axons then rejoin the spinal nerve to travel to the __________

Answer 49

Body wall

Question 50

Sympathetic nervous system- If the target is in the thoracic cavity preganglionic axons travel in spinal nerves and synapse in ____________

Answer 50

Paravertebral ganglion

Question 51

Sympathetic nervous system- If the target is in the thoracic cavity POSTganglionic axons form ___________ to travel to the target in the thorax

Answer 51

Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

Question 52

SNS- If the target is in the abdominal or pelvic cavity preganglionic axons travel in spinal nerves; travel through the ___________; exit the sympathetic chain as abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 52

Paravertebral ganglion without synapsing

Question 53

SNS- If the target is in the abdominal or pelvic cavity- where do the preganglionic axons synapse

Answer 53

In prevertebral ganglion

Question 54

SNS- If the target is in the abdominal or pelvic cavity- postganglionic axons follow ________ to reach target in abdomen or pelvis

Answer 54

Arteries (periarterial plexuses)

Question 55

Targets in the body wall-

Answer 55

Question 56

Targets in the thoracic cavity

Answer 56

Question 57

Targets in the abdominal or pelvic cavity

Answer 57

Question 58

What are the 3 types of splanchnic nerves and what to they carry

Answer 58

Pelvic- carry parasympathetic preganglionic axons Cardiopulmonary- carry postganglionic sympathetics to heart and lungs Abdominopelvic- carry preganglionic sympathetics

Question 59

The posterior ramus carries sensory to ________ and motor to ________

Answer 59

Medial back, intrinsic back muscles

Question 60

Visceral sensation- Non pain signal have what kind of receptors

Answer 60

Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, visceral mechanoreceptors

Question 61

Visceral sensation- Non pain signals travel back to the CNS via the ___________

Answer 61

Parasympathetic pathway (vagus nerve or pelvic splanchnic nerves), pseudounipolar neuron (cell body in inferior ganglion of CN X or posterior root ganglia of S2-S4)

Question 62

Visceral sensation- Pain signal carried via

Answer 62

Visceral nociceptors

Question 63

Visceral sensation- Nociceptors signal travel back to CNS via what pathway

Answer 63