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Anatomical Sciences 1 > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

The somatic nervous system is divided into what 2 groups

A
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2
Q

The visceral nervous system is divided into what 4 groups

A
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3
Q

Visceral afferent components- what are the 4 interoceptors?

A

Interoceptors
- chemoreceptors
- baroreceptors (blood pressure)
- visceral mechanoreceptors (bladder fullness)
- visceral nociceptors

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4
Q

Visceral afferent components- What do the sensory receptors associate with to transmit signals to the CNS

A

Peripheral processes of pseudounipolar sensory neurons

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5
Q

The anterior roots of spinal nerves carry what 2 things

A

Somatic multipolar motor neurons (skeletal muscle), autonomic multipolar motor neurons (cardiac/ smooth/ glands)

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6
Q

Pseudounipolar sensory neurons exit where

A

Posterior root ganglion

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7
Q

For visceral efferent (motor) neurons where is the synapse

A

Between CNS and target tissue

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8
Q

What is the somatic nervous system composed of

A
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9
Q

What is the visceral nervous system composed of

A
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10
Q

Somatic efferent (SE): always a___________ from the CNS to the target

A

Single neuron pathway

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11
Q

Autonomic efferent (VE): both SNS and PSNS utilize a _____________- to reach target

A

Two-neuron pathway with a ganglion

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12
Q

Somatic and visceral afferent (SA, VA): always a ___________

A

Single neuron pathway from the periphery to the CNS

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13
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the visceral motor system

A

Sympathetic/ parasympathetic

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14
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system- Length of preganglionic axons and postganglionic axons?

A

Pre- Long
Post- Short

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15
Q

PSNS- ganglia are located where

A

In or near wall of target organ

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16
Q

PSNS- low ratio of what

A

Post- to pre-ganglionic neurons (localized effects)

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17
Q

SNS- Length of preganglionic axons and postganglionic axons

A

Pre- short
Post- long

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18
Q

SNS- Where are the ganglia located

A

Close to CNS

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19
Q

SNS- high ratio of what

A

Post to preganglionic neurons

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20
Q

Which is which

A
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21
Q

Parasympathetic- where are preganglionic cell bodies

A

Brainstem nuclei and S2-S4 spinal cord segments

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22
Q

Parasympathetic- where are the postganglionic cell bodies

A

In intrinsic ganglia (in or near wall of target organ)

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23
Q

Sympathetic- Preganglionic cell bodies are located where

A

T1-L2 spinal cord segments

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24
Q

Sympathetic- Postganglionic cell bodies are located where

A

Paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia

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25
Q

Where is the only place we’ll ever have preganglionic sympathetic neurons

A

T1-L2

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26
Q

What is another term for the sympathetic division

A

Thoracolumbar system

27
Q

What is another term for parasympathetic division

A

Craniosacral

28
Q

Most organs receive _______ innervation from both SNS/PSNS (2 exceptions)

A

Dual

29
Q

What are the structures that receive ONLY SNS innervation

A

-Visceral structures of the body wall (arrector pili, sweat/sebaceous glands, vascular smooth muscle)
- Suprarenal (adrenal) gland

30
Q

PSNS- Cranial nerves 3/7/9 carry what and originate from where

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic axons, brainstem nuclei

31
Q

PSNS- What are the targets of the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies

A

Pupillary constriction/ lens accommodation

32
Q

Cranial nerve 10 (vagus)- Where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies & postganglionic neuronal cell bodies

A

Pregang: Brainstem nucleus
Postgang: intrinsic ganglia in or near the walls of the target organs

33
Q

What are the target organs for CN 10

A

Visceral organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities/ transverse colon

34
Q

Identify arrow

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic neuronal cell bodies (sacral portion)

35
Q

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic neuronal cell bodies located in the sacral portion

A

S2-S4 within the intermediate zone of the spinal cord grey matter

36
Q

Preganglionic axons originating from S2-S4 spinal cord segments travel as _______

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

37
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system sacral portion- where are the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies/ what are the targets

A

Intrinsic ganglia in or near the walls of the target organs
Targets
- abdominal viscera beyond the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon (left colic flexure)
- pelvic viscera

38
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies

A
39
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- what are the paravertebral ganglia

A
40
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- where are the prevertebral ganglia

A
41
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- what connect the paravertebral ganglia with anterior rami of spinal nerves

A

White and grey rami

42
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- What is the entrance to the sympathetic chain

A

White rami

43
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- What happens in the white rami

A

All preganglionic sympathetic axons enter the
sympathetic chain (coming from T1-L2)

44
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- What happens in the grey rami

A

Some postganglionic sympathetic axons exit the sympathetic chain to rejoin the anterior rami of spinal nerves

45
Q

Since preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are only found at T1-L2 spinal cord segments, ________ are only present at T1-L2 vertebral levels

A

White rami

46
Q

Since postganglionic sympathetic axons can exit the chain at any vertebral level, ________are found at all vertebral levels

A

Grey rami

47
Q

White rami are always _______ to gray rami

A

Lateral

48
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- If the target is in the body wall preganglionic axons travel in spinal nerves and synapse in __________

A

Paravertebral ganglion

49
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- If the target is in the body wall POSTganglionic axons then rejoin the spinal nerve to travel to the __________

A

Body wall

50
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- If the target is in the thoracic cavity preganglionic axons travel in spinal nerves and synapse in ____________

A

Paravertebral ganglion

51
Q

Sympathetic nervous system- If the target is in the thoracic cavity POSTganglionic axons form ___________ to travel to the target in the thorax

A

Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

52
Q

SNS- If the target is in the abdominal or pelvic cavity preganglionic axons travel in spinal nerves; travel through the ___________; exit the sympathetic chain as abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

A

Paravertebral ganglion without synapsing

53
Q

SNS- If the target is in the abdominal or pelvic cavity- where do the preganglionic axons synapse

A

In prevertebral ganglion

54
Q

SNS- If the target is in the abdominal or pelvic cavity- postganglionic axons follow ________ to reach target in abdomen or pelvis

A

Arteries (periarterial plexuses)

55
Q

Targets in the body wall-

A
56
Q

Targets in the thoracic cavity

A
57
Q

Targets in the abdominal or pelvic cavity

A
58
Q

What are the 3 types of splanchnic nerves and what to they carry

A

Pelvic- carry parasympathetic preganglionic axons
Cardiopulmonary- carry postganglionic sympathetics to heart and lungs
Abdominopelvic- carry preganglionic sympathetics

59
Q

The posterior ramus carries sensory to ________ and motor to ________

A

Medial back, intrinsic back muscles

60
Q

Visceral sensation- Non pain signal have what kind of receptors

A

Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, visceral mechanoreceptors

61
Q

Visceral sensation- Non pain signals travel back to the CNS via the ___________

A

Parasympathetic pathway (vagus nerve or pelvic splanchnic nerves), pseudounipolar neuron (cell body in inferior ganglion of CN X or posterior root ganglia of S2-S4)

62
Q

Visceral sensation- Pain signal carried via

A

Visceral nociceptors

63
Q

Visceral sensation- Nociceptors signal travel back to CNS via what pathway

A
64
Q
A

Anatomical Sciences 1 (20 decks)

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