Lecture 1 Flashcards
Define gross anatomy
the examination of structures of the body that can be seen without a microscope
Define embryology
the study of the prenatal formation and development of an organism (embryo and fetus), including
gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, and congenital disorders.
Define histology
the study of the microanatomy of cells, tissues, and organs, including the correlation of their structure and
function. Also includes histopathology.
Define neuroscience
the examination of the nervous system from the molecular and cellular level to the gross anatomical
and computational /network level. Includes gross anatomy, physiology, development, histology, psychology, molecular and cellular biology, etc.
Anterior is also called ______
Ventral
Posterior is also called _______
Dorsal
What is this plane
Transverse (axial)
What is this plane
Coronal (frontal)
What is this plane
Sagittal
How is the transverse/ axial plane viewed
As though patient is
supine and you’re standing at the patient’s feet
What is protraction/ retraction
Define sections of a long bone
What is an example of a sesamoid bone
Patella
The bones in the ankles/ wrist are considered _______ bones
Short
Bones of the skull are considered _____ bones
Flat
Identify arrow
Nutrient foramina
What is avascular necrosis
Death of bone tissue due to loss of
vascular supply
What are the 3 classes of articulation (joints)
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
In anatomical position the palms face what direction
Anteriorly
What is this movement
Circumduction (flexion+ extension+abduction+ adduction)
What are 3 examples of fibrous joints
What are 2 examples of cartilaginous joints
What is an example of a synovial joint
Knee
In a fibrous joint the amount of movement depends on the ________
Length of the fibers
What is a syndesmosis & what kind of joint is it
- Fibrous joint that unites bones with a sheet of fibrous tissue, either a ligament or a fibrous membrane
What is a cartilaginous joint united by
Hyaline or fibrocartilage
What is a primary cartilaginous joint called? Whats an example?
Synchondrosis (temporary), Epiphyseal plate
What is a secondary cartilaginous joint called? Whats an example?
Symphysis (permanent), intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
Name structures
What are some classifications of a synovial joint
Synovial joints also contain what
Fibrocartilaginous
articular disc or meniscus, providing extra cushion for articulating surfaces
Synovial joints are usually reinforced by what
Ligaments (bone-bone connections)
What is a bursa
Closed sac of serous membrane
Where are bursa’s located
Areas of friction
- joints
- tendons crossing joints
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What muscle types are voluntary? Which are involuntary?
Voluntary: Skeletal muscle
Involuntary: Smooth/ cardiac muscle
Where are the nuclei in the 3 types of muscle
Cardiac: central
Skeletal: peripherally
Smooth: central
What 2 types of muscle have transverse striations
Skeletal & cardiac
What is the distinguishing mark of a cardiac fiber
Intercalated discs
What kind of muscle is this
Skeletal muscle
What muscle types are somatically innervated
Skeletal
Skeletal muscle is _______ by deep fascial
Invested (wrapped)
Fascial compartments share what
Nerves, vessels
What muscle types are viscerally innervated
Cardiac/ smooth muscle
What muscle types are viscerally innervated
Cardiac/ smooth muscle
Define anastomosis
Communication between arteries
Anastomosis do what
Provide routes for collateral circulation
What kind of vessels are within the lymphatic system
Unidirectional vessels
Lymphedema results from
Failure/ blockage of lymphatic flow
Lymphatic system drains interstitial fluid to where
Major veins
What are 2 additional lymphatic functions
Part of the immune system, fat absorption
Lymph drains to ___________
Venous angles (junction of
internal jugular vein with subclavian vein)
Right lymphatic duct drains where
Right upper quadrant of body to right venous angle
Thoracic duct of lymphatic system drains what
Drains the remainder of body to left venous angle
What kind of muscle is this
Cardiac muscle
What kind of muscle is this
Smooth muscle
Name
