Lecture 1

Question 1

Define gross anatomy

Answer 1

the examination of structures of the body that can be seen without a microscope

Question 2

Define embryology

Answer 2

the study of the prenatal formation and development of an organism (embryo and fetus), including
gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, and congenital disorders.

Question 3

Define histology

Answer 3

the study of the microanatomy of cells, tissues, and organs, including the correlation of their structure and
function. Also includes histopathology.

Question 4

Define neuroscience

Answer 4

the examination of the nervous system from the molecular and cellular level to the gross anatomical
and computational /network level. Includes gross anatomy, physiology, development, histology, psychology, molecular and cellular biology, etc.

Question 5

Anterior is also called ______

Answer 5

Ventral

Question 6

Posterior is also called _______

Answer 6

Dorsal

Question 7

What is this plane

Answer 7

Transverse (axial)

Question 8

What is this plane

Answer 8

Coronal (frontal)

Question 9

What is this plane

Answer 9

Sagittal

Question 10

How is the transverse/ axial plane viewed

Answer 10

As though patient is
supine and you’re standing at the patient’s feet

Question 11

What is protraction/ retraction

Answer 11

Question 12

Define sections of a long bone

Answer 12

Question 13

What is an example of a sesamoid bone

Answer 13

Patella

Question 14

The bones in the ankles/ wrist are considered _______ bones

Answer 14

Short

Question 15

Bones of the skull are considered _____ bones

Answer 15

Flat

Question 16

Identify arrow

Answer 16

Nutrient foramina

Question 17

What is avascular necrosis

Answer 17

Death of bone tissue due to loss of
vascular supply

Question 18

What are the 3 classes of articulation (joints)

Answer 18

• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial

Question 19

In anatomical position the palms face what direction

Answer 19

Anteriorly

Question 20

What is this movement

Answer 20

Circumduction (flexion+ extension+abduction+ adduction)

Question 21

What are 3 examples of fibrous joints

Answer 21

Question 22

What are 2 examples of cartilaginous joints

Answer 22

Question 23

What is an example of a synovial joint

Answer 23

Knee

Question 24

In a fibrous joint the amount of movement depends on the ________

Answer 24

Length of the fibers

Question 25

What is a syndesmosis & what kind of joint is it

Answer 25

* Fibrous joint that unites bones with a sheet of fibrous tissue, either a ligament or a fibrous membrane

Question 26

What is a cartilaginous joint united by

Answer 26

Hyaline or fibrocartilage

Question 27

What is a primary cartilaginous joint called? Whats an example?

Answer 27

Synchondrosis (temporary), Epiphyseal plate

Question 28

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint called? Whats an example?

Answer 28

Symphysis (permanent), intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Question 29

Name structures

Answer 29

Question 30

What are some classifications of a synovial joint

Answer 30

Question 31

Synovial joints also contain what

Answer 31

Fibrocartilaginous articular disc or meniscus, providing extra cushion for articulating surfaces

Question 32

Synovial joints are usually reinforced by what

Answer 32

Ligaments (bone-bone connections)

Question 33

What is a bursa

Answer 33

Closed sac of serous membrane

Question 34

Where are bursa's located

Answer 34

Areas of friction - joints - tendons crossing joints

Question 35

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 35

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 36

What muscle types are voluntary? Which are involuntary?

Answer 36

Voluntary: Skeletal muscle Involuntary: Smooth/ cardiac muscle

Question 37

Where are the nuclei in the 3 types of muscle

Answer 37

Cardiac: central Skeletal: peripherally Smooth: central

Question 38

What 2 types of muscle have transverse striations

Answer 38

Skeletal & cardiac

Question 39

What is the distinguishing mark of a cardiac fiber

Answer 39

Intercalated discs

Question 40

What kind of muscle is this

Answer 40

Skeletal muscle

Question 41

What muscle types are somatically innervated

Answer 41

Skeletal

Question 42

Skeletal muscle is _______ by deep fascial

Answer 42

Invested (wrapped)

Question 43

Fascial compartments share what

Answer 43

Nerves, vessels

Question 44

What muscle types are viscerally innervated

Answer 44

Cardiac/ smooth muscle

Question 45

What muscle types are viscerally innervated

Answer 45

Cardiac/ smooth muscle

Question 46

Define anastomosis

Answer 46

Communication between arteries

Question 47

Anastomosis do what

Answer 47

Provide routes for collateral circulation

Question 48

What kind of vessels are within the lymphatic system

Answer 48

Unidirectional vessels

Question 49

Lymphedema results from

Answer 49

Failure/ blockage of lymphatic flow

Question 50

Lymphatic system drains interstitial fluid to where

Answer 50

Major veins

Question 51

What are 2 additional lymphatic functions

Answer 51

Part of the immune system, fat absorption

Question 52

Lymph drains to ___________

Answer 52

Venous angles (junction of internal jugular vein with subclavian vein)

Question 53

Right lymphatic duct drains where

Answer 53

Right upper quadrant of body to right venous angle

Question 54

Thoracic duct of lymphatic system drains what

Answer 54

Drains the remainder of body to left venous angle

Question 55

What kind of muscle is this

Answer 55

Cardiac muscle

Question 56

What kind of muscle is this

Answer 56

Smooth muscle

Question 57

Name