L24/26/27- Mediastinum 1-3 Flashcards
What are the boundaries and subdivisions of the mediastinum? What does the posterior mediastinum contain?
Where is the thymus located? Where does its blood supply come from?
What does the circulatory system do? What does the lymphatic system do?
What are the primary structures involved in the cardiovascular system? What are the 3 different kinds of arteries? What are the sizes of veins and what is contained in them?
What assists venous return?
What are the branches of the superior mediastinum? What are the levels of the descending aorta? What does the azygous veinous system drain?
What kind of epithelium lines blood vessels?
What are the 3 levels to the blood vessels? What are the characteristics of each?
The largest arteries are considered what kind of arteries? What is the thickest layer?
What is an aortic dissection? What is an aortic aneurysm?
What are the arterial systems main distribution vessels?
What are the smallest precapillary vessels?
What are the 3 classifications of capillaries? Where are they located?
Where is the esophagus located? Where can material get trapped?
What are the nerves of the mediastinum and where are they located? What do they cross?
What is the largest lymph vessel in the body? What does it carry? Where does it drain?
Where is the base of the heart? Where is the superior border of the heart? Where is the right border? Inferior border? Left border?
What are the chambers and ventricles of the heart
What is the result of the folding of the heart tube during development?
What is the blood flow patterns of the heart?
What are the distinct characteristics of the septal walls?
What is vasculogenesis? Where does it come from?
What is angiogenesis? What is it driven by?
What are blood islands? Where do they form first?
What is the difference between fetal red blood cells and adult red blood cells?
Heart tube 16-18 days: step 1 heart tube formation
Heart tube 19-23 days: Craniocaudal folding moves the rostral portion of the ___________ field caudal to the
___________ membrane
Heart tube 20-23 days: Identify arrows
Heart chambers are rotated in the adult as a result of developmental process of __________. Identify arrows
What chamber receives deoxygenated systemic blood? Identify arrows
What chamber pushes deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary circuit?
What pushes oxygenated blood out to the systemic circuit? What receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? Identify arrows
During the formation of the cardiac
loop connections between __________ are maintained. Where is the atrioventricular canal? Where is the primary interventricular foramen? Where is the bulboventricular sulcus?
Cardiac loop- days 28-30: identify arrows
Cardiac loop- days 28-30:What are the 3 portions of the bulbus cordis?
Primitive atrium gives rise to what? What do the smooth walls of the left/right atrium result from the incorporation of?
Defects in laterality signals can result in
a heart tube that folds left instead of
right resulting in a right-sided adult heart called __________
Folding of heart during development brings venous and arterial ends close together with a small pathway left between them called __________
What are the 3 layers that surround the heart? Whats in between the layers? What are the layers of the pericardium?
What supplies the blood to the pericardium? What do they branch from? What are the innervations of the pericardium? Identify arrows
What is pericarditis? Cardiac tamponade? Pericardiocentesis- Where is this done?
What are the 4 valves of the heart? What are the 2 atrioventricular valves? What are the 2 semilunar valves?
_____________– a dense collagen structure embedded within the muscle tissue of theheart. What are its 3 functions?
________ valve is supported against the high pressure of ventricular contraction. Describe the papillary muscles and the tendinous cords. Identify image
What is the ‘Lub’ heart sound? What is the ‘dub’ heart sound? Where is the aortic valve? Where is the pulmonary valve? Where is the tricuspid valve? Where is the mitral valve?
What are the 2 kinds of valvular diseases? What happens during a mitral valve prolapse?
What are the 2 sulci on the exterior portion of the heart? Identify arrows
Where does the heart tissue get its blood supply from? Where do the arteries branch from?
Where does the right coronary artery run? What does it supply? Identify arrows-
Where does the left coronary artery run? What does it split into? Identify arrows
Arterial ______ of the heart is named based on which coronary artery is primary source of blood to the posterior ___________
What is the most common type of coronary artery disease? What is a catheterization/ stent called?
What are the 3 primary veins of the myocardium? Where do they drain?
