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Anatomical Sciences 1 > Lecture 17- Skin > Flashcards

Lecture 17- Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 layers of skin

A

Epidermis (epithelium), dermis (connective tissue)

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2
Q

Identify layers of skin

A
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3
Q

How do you identify the epidermis

A

It’s always darker than the dermis

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4
Q

What does the epidermis begin as

A

Surface ectoderm

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5
Q

Surface ectoderm forms a keratinized
_______

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Epithelial cells are shed throughout life _______ while mitosis adds new epithelial cells ______

A

Apically, at the base

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7
Q

Epidermis is ______, gets nutrients from _____

A

Avascular, diffusion

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8
Q

What are the 4 major layers of epidermis from superficial to deep

A

Stratum corneum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale

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9
Q

Stratum corneum:

A

▪ Anucleate, dead cells
▪ Tough, water-resistant barrier

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10
Q

Stratum granulosum:

A

Granular cells toughen keratin &
form lipid-based water barrier

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11
Q

Stratum spinosum:

A

“Prickle cells” are linked by lots of
desmosomes and intermediate
filaments made of keratin protein

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12
Q

Stratum basale:

A

Basal cells divide (renew epithelium/ single layer)

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

What does the keratinocyte do

A

Forms a barrier

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15
Q

What does a melanocyte do

A

Forms pigment

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16
Q

What does a langerhans cell do

A

Immune defense

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17
Q

What does a Merkel cell do

A

Sensory perception

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

Keratinocyte derives from where

A

Surface ectoderm

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20
Q

Acidophilic cytoplasm reflects accumulated keratin (intermediate) filaments visible in TEM as ______

A

Tonofibrils (T)

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21
Q

Tonofibrils anchor into _____

A

Desmosomes

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22
Q

Autoimmune destruction of desmosomes may result in ______

A

Clear, flaccid blisters – pemphigus vulgaris

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23
Q

Melanocyte function

A

Protect basal cells by donating pigment

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24
Q

How do you identify a melanocyte

A

Colorless cytoplasm in stratum basale

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25
Melanocytes come from embryonic _________ and migrate and populate _____
Neural crest cells, stratum basale
26
Identify arrows
27
Basal cells absorb ______, which shield the nucleus from UV damage
Melanosomes
28
Melanocytes give pigment to how many keratinocytes (basale cells)
Roughly 50
29
Melanocytes contain ______ that contain _______
Melanosomes, melanin
30
Skin color due to quantity and content of _______
Melanosomes
31
Langerhans cells are what? Found where?
Special immune cells, found in epidermis (spinosum)
32
Langerhans cells function as a specialized ______
Antigen-presenting cell
33
How do you identify a langerhans cell
Clear cytoplasm
34
Where does a langerhans cell come from
Hematopoietic cells in liver/bone marrow
35
What is an endocytic vesicle that helps break down viruses in the cytoplasm of langerhans cells
Birbeck granule
36
Merkel cells have a ____ function
Sensory
37
How do you identify a merkel cell
Clear cytoplasm, restricted to stratum basale
38
Where are there high concentrations of Merkel cells
Specialized touch areas (fingertips)
39
What is contained in a Merkel cell
Dense granules filled with neurotransmitter
40
Merkel cells have what origin
Surface ectodermal origin
41
Cell + nerve process = ______ (sensory receptor)
Merkel disk
42
Identify
43
Identify
44
Identify
45
List the 3 skin cancers in order of most common/ less likely to spread to less common/ more likely to spread
46
Facts about basal cell carcinomas
Originates from basal cell ▪ Flatness reflects deep origin (stratum basale) ▪ Not usually pigmented ▪ Keratin biomarker ▪ Initially anchored by hemidesmosomes
47
Facts about squamous cell carcinomas
▪ Originates from “prickle cell” ▪ Raised bump reflects superficial origin (stratum spinosum) ▪ Not usually pigmented ▪ Keratin biomarker ▪ Initially anchored by desmosomes
48
Facts about melanomas
▪ Originates from melanocyte ▪ Flatness reflects deep origin (stratum basale) ▪ Pigmented (melanosomes) ▪ Vimentin biomarker ▪ No desmosomes or hemidesmosomes
49
The dermis is deep to what
The epidermis
50
Dermis derives from ________
Mesenchyme
51
What are the 3 sources the dermis is derived from
Neural crest, dermatome, parietal mesoderm
52
2 facts about the dermis
Vascularized, contains fibrous connective tissue
53
What is the dermal papilla
54
What is contained in the papillary layer of the dermis & what is it for
Fine fibers – loose connective tissue, nourish, support & defend epidermis
55
What is contained in the reticular layer of the dermis & what is it for
Coarse fibers – dense irregular CT Gives strength and elasticity to skin
56
Identify layers of dermis
57
Identify layers of dermis
58
Identify arrows
59
Arrector pili muscle is what/ does what/ originates from where
Smooth muscle, piloerection (trap heat, response to stress), originates from dermal mesenchyme
60
Follicular bulge is what
Reservoir for epidermal stem cells & melanocytes, part of follicle under arrector pili
61
The follicular bulge can also serve what purpose
Regenerate wounded epidermis
62
Identify 2 landmarks
63
What is Ectodermal dysplasia
Group of syndromes related to mutations of the genes that code for ectodermal appendages including hair, teeth, nails, and glands.
64
Where does an eccrine sweat gland empty onto
Directly onto the epidermal surface
65
Where does an apocrine sweat gland empty onto
Directly onto hair follicle
66
Where does a sebaceous gland empty onto
Directly into hair follicle
67
Where is a sebaceous gland located
Wherever there is hairy skin
68
Identify arrows
69
A sebaceous gland is wedged between what
Arrector pili & hair follicle
70
A sebaceous gland is what kind of secretion
Holocrine secretion (sebum contains lipid & cellular debris)
71
What are the 2 kinds of sweat glands and where are they found
Eccrine (all over), apocrine (armpit/groin)
72
Where does a sebaceous gland empty
Into hair follicle
73
What is the secretion of eccrine sweat glands
Water-rich sweat, narrow lumen, empties directly onto skin
74
What is the secretion of apocrine sweat glands
Protein rich sweat (active at puberty), empty into hair follicle, wide lumen
75
Apocrine/ eccrine sweat glands are what kind of gland
Merocrine- typical exocytosis
76
Identify arrows
77
What is a merkel disc for
Fine touch (fingertips)
78
What is a free nerve ending for
Pain/ temperature
79
What is Meissners corpuscle for
Fine touch/ fingertips
80
What is a pacinian corpuscle for
Sustained pressure, vibrations (deep dermis)
81
Free nerve ending, Merkel disk, and Pacinian corpuscle contain _______
Somatic afferent fibers
82
Identify
83
Identify
84
Identify
85
Visceral efferents (not shown) innervate eccrine glands and arrector pili mainly by ______________
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
86
A thick corneum is found where
87
A thin corneum is found where
88

Anatomical Sciences 1 (20 decks)

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