Lecture 17 Flashcards
what do emotions represent
___ system of ___ ___
they are reflected in ___, ___, ___
signaling system of phenomenal sophistication
reflected in thought, physiology and behaviour
emotions act as the interface between the ___ and ___ and ___ and ___ spheres of functioning
personal
interpersonal
social
biological
western thought has historically seen emotions in what way
modern emotion theory suggests what
historically = contrasted emotions with reason
modern = thinking and feeling and less separable, increasingly functionalist
what are the 2 reasons that the definition of emotions is elusive
emotions are complex and include at least 5 components
we have experiences are emotional but not emotional per se (things like anxiety disorders and depression are emotional but aren’t emotions)
emotions include what 5 components
physiology
phenomology/experience
expression/signalling
cognitive change
overt behaviour
what are moods emotional but are generally distinguished from emotions
3 reasons
they need not reflect responses to a particular event
they are typically less intense
may last a long time
what is the working definition of emotions
heritable set of adaptive mechanisms that function systematically to inform, motivate, and organizes an organism’s response to the perception of a change in goal-environment relationships
what is the relationship between appraisal and emotion
specific ways of evaluating events/appraisal are the proximate cause of emotions
different patterns of evaluation/appraisal lead to the experience of different emotions
what are the 3 steps in the evaluation/appraisal process
stimulus/event -> event is evaluated for meaning -> emotional response
why do we have emotions
emotions exist and were shaped because they facilitated adaptation to events
what is the cultural significance of emotions
ie how are the 2 connected
similarity in recognition/expression of emotions across cultures
different cultures have preferences for different states and other cultures appear to have emotion experiences that have no clear analogues in western culture
what is an infant’s relationship with emotions
infants are highly attuned to emotions in the social environment as expressions act as info
infants can discriminate emotions from what age onwards
4 months onwards
what are the 5 key changes and difference in emotions across the lifespan
people come from a particular place developmentally
repertoire of emotions increases with development
evidence of decoupling among the components of emotion with age
emotional experiences appears to become more blended with age
increased ability to regulate emotions across the lifespan
what is emotional regulation
process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them and how they experience and express them
what are the 2 broad classes of emotion regulation
antecedent focused emotion regulation
response focused emotion regulation
what are the 6 pathways linking emotions and emotion regulation to health outcomes
primary causative/preventative
secondary causative/preventative
symptom attention, sensitivity and reporting
medical contact, detection and screening behaviours
treatment decision-making
treatment adherence
what are the 4 types of data that researchers use to develop models linking emotion to health
experimental
epidemiological
small scale cross sectional
experience sampling/ambulatory data
when experiment data is used by researchers to develop models linking emotion to health what are the pros and cons
1 pro and 1 con
strong causality possible
limited by nature of change and lack of ecological validity
when epidemiological data is used by researchers to develop models linking emotion to health what are the pros and cons
4 pros, 3 cons
large sample, good outcomes, prospective and allows multivariate modelling
3rd variable problem limits, self report bias, lack of theory to report opportunistic ally
when cross sectional data is used by researchers to develop models linking emotion to health what are the pros and cons
1 pro, 3 cons
higher validity
self report issues in predictors and outcomes, smaller samples
when experience sampling/ambulatory data is used by researchers to develop models linking emotion to health what are the pros and cons
1 pro, 2 cons
high ecological validity
labor intensive, opportunistic
what are negative emotions linked to in terms of disease
5 things
heart disease
cancer
arthritis
diabetes
colds
in general what is the link between emotions and health behaviours
negative = poorer health behaviours
positive = better health behaviours
negative emotions impact health in what way in terms of symptoms
what symptom type is this effect evident for and what is this effect called
promote awareness of symptoms and change the way we interpret symptoms
depressive realism
evident for non-specific reports
how are negative emotions related to hep seeking behaviours
increases help seeking and screening
what is disgust’s core function
to promote both immediate and anticipatory adaptive responses to certain classes of stimuli
what is the relationship between emotions and health avoidance
negative emotions = increased avoidance
what is the relationship between emotions and decision making
emotions influence decision making, particularly when decisions are made under stress and become highly complex/uncertain
positive emotions improve and facilitate some health decision making
