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122 HLTHPSYCH > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 key factors in the WHO definition of health

A

Physical, mental and social well-being

not just the absence of illness

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2
Q

The causes of death for males from the highest to the lowest is

A 
Heart disease
Cancer
Accidents
Influenza 
Pneumonia
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3
Q

A model of health and illness that suggests links among the nervous system, the immune system, behavioral styles, cognitive processing and environmental domains of health is known as the

A

Biopsychosocial Model

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4
Q

The psychological component of the biopsychosocial model encompasses which 3 cognition factors

A

thoughts/beliefs/attitudes

health risk appraisal

self-efficacy

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5
Q

The psychological component of the biopsychosocial model encompasses what behavioral factors

A

adoption and maintenance of health behaviors

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6
Q

what is included as part of the biological arm of the biopsychosocial model

A

symptoms and course of illness

infection rate/spread and variations

underlying medical conditions

immune response/vaccine

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7
Q

what is included as part of the social arm of the biopsychosocial model

A

public health measures

essential services workers

access and socio-economic factors

increased risk for subset of population

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8
Q

what is changed in an experimental research design

and how is high internal validity maintained

A

independent variable

random assignment

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9
Q

what are the 2 strengths of experimental research

A

can make causal claims

high internal validity due to random assignment

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10
Q

what are the 2 limitations of experimental research

A

random assignment sometimes unethical/not possible

low external validity (controls limits generalisation)

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11
Q

what does correlational research design aim to do

A

investigate degree to which variables are related

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12
Q

what is are the 2 strengths of correlational research

A

can predict behaviours/outcomes and SUGGEST potential cause/effect relationships (not causation!)

can examine relationships that are unethical for experimental

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13
Q

what is the limitation of correlational research

A

cant infer cause and effect or why association exists (only that 2 variables tend to vary together)

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14
Q

what are the 4 types of descriptive/observational reasearch

A

naturalistic observations

lab/clinic observation

case studies

surveys and interviews

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15
Q

what is the purpose of descriptive/observational research

A

observe naturally occurring behaviours

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16
Q

how are behaviours observed in naturalistic observations

A

in their natural setting without controlling the behaviour in any way from the observer

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17
Q

what are the 2 strengths of naturalistic observations

A

high external validity

can generate new ideas

18
Q

what are the 4 limitations of naturalistic observations

A

have to wait for behaviour to occur naturally

small scale, unrepresentative

low internal validity (cant control confounds)

cant establish cause/effect

19
Q

what are the 3 strengths of lab/clinic observations

A

controls confounds in environment

specialized equipment = precise measurements

finds associations

20
Q

what are the 2 limitations of naturalistic observations

A

surroundings may influence results

cant infer cuase/effect

21
Q

what are the 2 strengths of case studies

A

appropriate for unusual cases

insight for future research

22
Q

what are case studies

A

observe few individual with rare conditions in depth over time

23
Q

what are the 2 limitations of case studies

A

anecdotal, cant generalize results

cant infer cause/effect

24
Q

how are surveys and interviews conducted

A

collect self reported data

25
Q

what are the 2 strengths of surveys/interviews

A

collect wide range of info

sample large populations and multiple formats available

26
Q

what are the 2 limitations of surveys/interviews

A

subjects may forget/lie/lack insight

sample needs to be representative of population

27
Q

what is internal validity

A

the extent to which a study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a treatment and an outcome

28
Q

what is external validity

A

Extent of which you can generalize your findings to other or a wider population

29
Q

What is a matched control group

A

Participant in an experimental group being exposed to a manipulation is compared on an outcome variable to a specific participant in the control group who is similar in some important way but did not receive the manipulation

30
Q

how are longitudinal developmental designs carried out

A

collects data on the same group with the same repeated experiment over time

31
Q

how are cross sectional developmental designs carried out

A

compares people of different ages at one point in time

32
Q

what are the 2 strengths of longitudinal designs

A

shows change over time

association shown between early/later experience and development

33
Q

what are the 2 limitations of longitudinal designs

A

takes time and is expensive

participants may drop out

34
Q

what are the 2 strengths of cross sectional designs

A

quick

inexpensive

35
Q

what are the 2 limitations of cross sectional designs

A

cant see changes in an individual

correlation is hard to interpret

36
Q

what is observer/participant bias

A

results are influenced by your/participant’s expectations

37
Q

what is sampling bias

A

certain people are more likely to be selected in the sample so sample may not be representative of population

38
Q

how do you fix participant bias

A

placebos

39
Q

how do you fix observer and participant bias

A

double blind

40
Q

how do you fix sampling bias

A

random selection and assignment

matched control groups

122 HLTHPSYCH (12 decks)

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