Lecture 15 Flashcards
what is social psychology
examines human behaviour in a social context
studies of how people influence others behaviour, belief and attitudes
social influence is via what 3 factors
interactions between people
situational factors
social norms
what are the problems with common sense
often ambiguous, contradictory or incorrect
common sense is affected by what effect
hindsight effect
what is social cognition
process by which people select, interpret and remember social information
what is social perception
process by which people come to understand and categorise the behaviour of others
what is social interaction
processes at play in interaction with others
what are attributions
explanations for why people behave the way they do
what 4 factors influence the formation of impressions
social roles/norms
physical activity
stereotypes
attitudes
what are the 4 processes of social influence
obedience
conformity
social norms
bystander effect
what is obedience in terms of social influence
adherence to instructions from those of higher authority
what 2 things was milgram’s obedience study trying to investigate
how far people would go in following orders from a authority figure
whether situational forces can engulf anyone
what were the results of milgram’s obedience study
people will obey an order, ignoring their conscience, if they believe it comes from an legitimate authority
what are the 6 situational influences that were manipulated in the milgram experiment
proximity of learner
touch proximity
proximity to experimenter
dissent/second experimenter
less presitigious setting
indirect administration of shock
what is the effect of the proximity of the learner in terms of the milgram experiment
subjects were less likely to use high levels of shock when the learner was in the same room
what is the effect of proximity to the experimenter in terms of the milgram experiment
subjects were more likely to disobey when the experimenter was remote
what is the effect of dissent/second experimenter in terms of the milgram experiment
when other subjects dissented to give shock, subjects were more likely to shock the learner
what is the effect of less prestigious setting in terms of the milgram experiment
less compliance
what is the effect of indirect administration of shock in terms of the milgram experiment
highest compliance
what are 5 cognitive factors that influence obedience
normative influences
informational influences
abiguity of situation
confusion about how to dissent
obedience to authority a social norm
what are normative influences
group effect that arise from individual desire to be liked accepted and approved of by others
what are informational influences
group effects that arise form the individuals desire to be correct and right and to understand how best to act in a given situation
what is ambiguity of situation
if confused about how to behave we look for cues and are likely to do what experts tell us
what is confusion about how to dissent
if attempts to dissent do not satisfy authority > confusion
what is obedience to authority a social norm
largely taught to obey authority without question from childhood
what are social norms
the expectation a group has for its members regarding acceptable and appropriate attitudes and behaviours
what is conformity
tendency of people to alter their behaviour or attitude as a result of group pressure
going along with crowd and accomodate standards/values of peers or group
what did Asch’s conformity study results show
3/4 of participants conformed with false majority at least once in 12 trials
1/3 of participants agreed with false majority in half or more of trials
what are 3 cognitive/psychological influences on conformity
normative influence ‘asch’ effect
informational influence
personality
what is normative influence ‘asch’ effect
like to be liked
what is informational intelligence
likes to be right
what is personality in terms of cognitive/psych influences on conformity
those with low self esteem are more likely to conform
what are 3 factors of social influence on conformity
uniformity of agreement/dissention
culture
group size
how does uniformity of agreement/dissention influence conformity
if one confederate dissented from group, subject is less likely to conform
how does culture influence conformity
people from collectivist cultures are more likely to cofnorm
how does group size influence conformity
large group elicit more conformity
what are social roles
socially defined pattern of behaviour that is expected of a person when functioning in a given setting or group
what are social rules
provide behavioral guidelines for specific settings
implicit/explicit
what is deindividuation
makes people more vulnerable to social influence
what did social roles experiment/stanford prison experiment investigate
power of social roles and tested fundamental attribution error
what is the bystander effect
the decrease in offers of assistance that occurs as number of bystanders increases
bystanders are less likely to help in what situations and what situation makes bystanders act most quickly
bystanders who feel anonymous (part of a large crowd) are less likely to help
bystanders act most quickly in 2 person groups
what is diffusion of responsibility
diminished sense of personal responsibility to act because others are seen as equally responsible
