Lecture 15 3/6/24

Question 1

Where is the main blood supply found in the equine limb?

Answer 1

on the flexor angle

Question 2

What is the primary blood supply of the equine thoracic limb?

Answer 2

-axillary a.
-brachial a.
-median a.
-medial palmar a.

Question 3

Why is it important that the cephalic vein is located on the horse’s chest?

Answer 3

damage can occur if the horse runs into something

Question 4

What is the primary blood supply of the equine pelvic limb?

Answer 4

-external iliac a.
-femoral a.
-popliteal a.
-cranial tibial a.
-dorsal pedal a.
-dorsal metatarsal a.

Question 5

What are the characteristics of the dorsal metatarsal artery?

Answer 5

-main supply of distal hind limb and digital arteries
-runs in lateral groove between cannon bone and MT4
-can be used to feel pulse

Question 6

Which arteries give rise to the medial and lateral plantar arteries?

Answer 6

-saphenous a.
caudal tibial a.

Question 7

Which nerves are located in the thoracic limb?

Answer 7

-suprascapular n.
-axillary n.
-radial n.
-ulnar n.
-median n.
-musculocutaneous n.

Question 8

What is “shoulder sweeney?”

Answer 8

atrophy of the shoulder muscles due to damage to the suprascapular n.

Question 9

Which thoracic limb nerves are paired in the equine?

Answer 9

median and musculocutaneous

Question 10

Which nerves are located in the pelvic limb?

Answer 10

-cranial gluteal n.
-caudal gluteal n.
-femoral n.
-obturator n.
-sciatic n.
-common peroneal n.
-tibial n.

Question 11

Which nerves split off of the sciatic n.?

Answer 11

-common peroneal n.
-tibial n.

Question 12

Where does the common peroneal n. run?

Answer 12

to the craniolateral muscles of the crus

Question 13

What does the tibial n. divide into?

Answer 13

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 14

Which nerves are found in the distal limb?

Answer 14

-medial and lateral palmar/plantar nerves
-medial and lateral palmar metacarpal/plantar metatarsal
-medial and lateral digital nerves

Question 15

Which fibers make up the lateral palmar n.?

Answer 15

median and ulnar nn. fibers

Question 16

Which fibers make up the medial palmar n.?

Answer 16

median n. fibers

Question 17

What is the ramus communicans?

Answer 17

nerve branch connecting the medial palmar/plantar nerve to the lateral palmar/plantar nerve

Question 18

Which nerve gives rise to the medial and lateral palmar metacarpal/plantar metatarsal nerves?

Answer 18

lateral palmar/plantar nerve

Question 19

What are the characteristics of the medial and lateral digital nerves?

Answer 19

-distinction begins at the fetlock joint
-dorsal branches of digital nerves

Question 20

What are the characteristics of the palmar digital nerve block?

Answer 20

-most common forelimb block
-most distal block
-2 point block targeting medial and lateral palmar digital nn.

Question 21

What are the characteristics of the abaxial sesamoidean nerve block?

Answer 21

-targets medial and lateral palmar digital nerves and their dorsal branches
-2 point block

Question 22

What are the characteristics of the low palmar nerve block?

Answer 22

-“low 4 point” block
-targets medial and lateral palmar nn.
-targets medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nn.
-blocked at distal end of 2nd and 4th metacarpal bones
-needs to be blocked distally to ramus communicans

Question 23

Where are the medial and lateral palmar digital nn. located?

Answer 23

-along dorsal border of SDF proximal to pastern joint
-along DDF distal to pastern joint
-in a groove formed by ligament of ergot and flexor tendons

Question 24

Where are the medial and lateral palmar digital nn. blocked in an abaxial sesamoidean nerve block?

Answer 24

along the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoid bones

Question 25

Where are the palmar nn. located?

Answer 25

between the interosseous m. and DDF

Question 26

Where are the palmar metacarpal nn. located?

Answer 26

deep to the 2nd and 4th metacarpal bones; become superficial at the distal ends

Question 27

What are the characteristics of the high palmar nerve block?

Answer 27

-targets medial and lateral palmar nn.
-targets medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nn.
-blocked below carpus but above ramus communicans

Question 28

Where are the palmar metacarpal nn. blocked for a high palmar nerve block?

Answer 28

between the 3rd MC bone, the interosseous m., and the respective splint bone