Lecture 1 1/23/24

Question 1

How do equine and bovine differ in terms of the scapula?

Answer 1

-bovine has a present acromion
-equine has no acromion

Question 2

How do equine and bovine differ in terms of the humerus?

Answer 2

-equine has an intermediate tubercle
-bovine has a hook on greater tubercle

Question 3

How do equine and bovine differ in terms of the radius and ulna?

Answer 3

-equine has fused bones with no visible ulna shaft in the distal 1/3 of the antebrachium
-bovine has fused bones with entirely visible ulna and crest of bone between the two main bones

Question 4

How do equine and bovine differ in terms of the os coxae?

Answer 4

-equine has similar presentation to canine
-bovine has triangular ischiatic tuberosities and two breaks in the acetabular ridge

Question 5

What are the characteristics of the equine femur?

Answer 5

-cranial and caudal parts of the greater trochanter
-third trochanter is present; points forward and lateral
-pronounced medial trochlear ridge

Question 6

What are the characteristics of the equine tibia and fibula?

Answer 6

-fibula is reduced to head and shaft only
-lateral malleolus is fused to tibia
-fused articular surface

Question 7

What are the characteristics of the bovine tibia and fibula?

Answer 7

-lateral malleolus articulates with the tibia
-separate articular surfaces

Question 8

How are the bones of the equine manus arranged?

Answer 8

-individual bones for the radial, intermediate, ulnar, and accessory carpal bones
-individual bones for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th carpal bones
-potential for the 1st carpal bone to not be present

Question 9

How are the bones of the bovine manus arranged?

Answer 9

-individual bones for the radial, intermediate, ulnar, and accessory carpal bones
-lacking 1st carpal bone
-fused 2nd and 3rd carpal bones
-individual 4th carpal bones

Question 10

How are the bones of the equine pes arranged?

Answer 10

-individual bones for the trochlea, calcaneus, and central tarsal bones
-fused 1st and 2nd tarsal bones
-individual bones 3rd and 4th tarsal bones

Question 11

How are the bones of the bovine pes arranged?

Answer 11

-individual bones for the trochlea and calcaneus tarsal bones
-fused central and 4th tarsal bones
-individual 1st tarsal bone
-fused 2nd and 3rd tarsal bones

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the metacarpal and digital bones in the equine?

Answer 12

-3rd metacarpal/cannon bone is functional
-2nd and 4th metacarpal bones/splint bones are vestigial
-only 3rd digit is present, with 3 phalanges
-distal phalange is the coffin bone

Question 13

What are the characteristic of the metacarpal and digital bones in the bovine?

Answer 13

-3rd and 4th metacarpal bones are functional
-5th metacarpal is vestigial
-4 total digits, with digits 3 and 4 being weight bearing

Question 14

How do the metatarsal and digital bones differ from the metacarpal bones in the bovine?

Answer 14

2nd metatarsal bone is vestigial in the metatarsus

Question 15

Where are sesamoid bones found in equine and bovine?

Answer 15

-proximal pair at each weight-bearing digit
-distal “navicular bone” behind the coffin joint in equine