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Microbiology Exam 2 > Lecture 14- Physical and Chemical methods > Flashcards

Lecture 14- Physical and Chemical methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the destruction of all microorganisms on inanimate objects?

What type of method is this?

A

Sterilization

Physical method

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2
Q

What is the destruction of most microorganisms on inanimate objects?

What type of method is it?

A

Disinfection

Physical and Chemical method

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3
Q

What is the destruction of most microorganisms on living surfaces?

What type of method is it?

A

Antiseptic

Chemical method

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4
Q

What are the physical methods of microbial control?

A

Heating and radiation

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5
Q

Tell if these physical methods are sterilizing:

  1. Incineration
  2. Dry oven
  3. Steam pressure
  4. Boiling water
  5. Ionizing radiation
  6. Non-ionizing radiation
A
  1. Incineration= sterilization
  2. Dry oven= sterilization
  3. Steam pressure= sterilization
  4. Boiling water= non-sterilization
  5. Ionizing radiation= sterilization
  6. Non-ionizing radiation= non-sterilization
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6
Q

Give the order of resistance (most resistant to least) of these microbes:

  • Gram-negative bact.
  • Gram-positive bact.
  • enveloped viruses
  • naked viruses
  • prions
  • fungi
  • bacterial endospores
A
  1. Prions
  2. Bacterial endospores
  3. Gram-positive bacteria
  4. Fungi
  5. Naked viruses
  6. Gram-positive bacteria
  7. Enveloped viruses
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7
Q

What are these terms:

  • Bactericidal
  • Bacteriostatic
A
  • Bactericidal =

Destroys the bacteria

  • Bacteriostatic

Prevents growth of bacteria

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8
Q

What are the 4 modes of action, chemicals have against microbes?

A
  1. Against bact. cell wall
  2. Against cytoplasmic membrane
  3. Against bacterial processes (DNA, RNA)
  4. Against bacterial proteins
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9
Q

How do agents that work against cell wall work?

What is the result?

A
  • Block cell wall synthesis
  • Digest the cell wall

Cell lyses

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10
Q

How do agents that work against the cytoplasmic membrane work?

  • What is an example?
A

Bind lipid bilayer, make it leaky.

  • Surfactants are amphiphatic
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11
Q

How do agents that work against bacterial processes work?

  • What results?
A

Bind DNA to prevent transcription/translation

Bind ribosomes to stop peptide bonds from forming

  • Can’t make proteins
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12
Q

How do agents that work against bacterial proteins work?

  • What results?
A

Denature proteins (become inactive)

  • loss of metabolism
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13
Q

What are the effects of heat and cold on bacteria?

A

Higher temperatures= bacteriocidal

Colder temps= bacteriostatic

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14
Q

What types of bacteria are most resistant to heat and least resistant?

A

most resistant= endospores

Least resistant= vegetative cells

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15
Q

How does ionizing radiation work?

What are examples?

A

Ejects electrons from atoms to form ions.

(Bad for mutations/proteins, changes organelles)

  • Gamma and x-rays
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16
Q

How does non-ionizing radiation work?

What is an example?

A

Excites itoms to higher energy state.

  • Forms weird bonds in DNA
  • UV light
17
Q

How does UV light affect DNA?

A

DNA absorbs UV and mutates due to formation of pyrimidine dimers

18
Q

Are endospores more resistant to radiation than vegetative cells?

A

Yes, 10x more

19
Q

What would you use Chlorine (bleach) (Chemical method) for?

A

C. Diff

20
Q

What would you use iodine (chemical method) for?

A

Used as antiseptic before surgery

Microbicidal to all microbes

21
Q

What would you use phenols for?

A

Microbicidal to all mirobes except Hep B.

Can’t be used as antiseptic (toxic)

22
Q

What would you use Chlorhexidine (chemical method) for?

A

Kills bacteria, but not fungi/viruses

23
Q

What would you use alcohols (chemical method) for?

A

Inactivate enveloped viruses, but not naked viruses

24
Q

What would you use Hydrogen peroxide (chemical method) for?

A

Creates free radicals

Microbicidal to all mirobes

25
Q

What would you use heavy metals (chemical method)?

A

Against microbes, but cause allergic reactions/toxic to humans

26
Q

What would you use acids/alkalis for (chemical method)?

A

Prevents endospore germination

27
Q

What would you use aldehydes (chemical method) for?

A

Microbicidial to microbes, but very unstable

Microbiology Exam 2 (18 decks)

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