Lecture 10; Pathogenicity Flashcards
What are the different types of infectious diseases?
-
Opportunistic pathogens
- Only cause disease in compromised host
-
True Pathogen
- Cause disease in anyone
What are these sub-types of diseases:
- Newly identified
- Previously controlled diseases (no longer)
- Spread from animal to human
- Emerging diseases
- Re-emergin diseases
- Zoonotic disease
- What are sporadic diseases?
- What are endemics?
- Isolated infections in particular population
- Routinely detected in a particular population
- What are epidemics (diseases)?
- What are pandemics?
- Widespread disease in a particular place
- An epidemic that spreads to other countries
What is the difference between signs and symptoms?
- Sign= measurable indicator of disease (fever, rash…)
- Symptom= non-measurable indicator that is sensed by patient (pain, faigue…)
What is the difference between active and latent infections?
- active= host is showing symptoms (symptomatic)
- Latent= host has no symptoms (asymptomatic)
- virus is inactive
What is the difference between acute and chronic infections?
- acute= rapid onset and progression
- chronic= slow onset and progression
What is the difference between a reservoir and source of infections?
- Reservoir= Where pathogen is normally found
- source= transmits the infection from reservoir to new host
What are exogenous sources?
give examples
Infection from outside body
- environment
- animals
- other humans
What are endogenous sources?
give examples
Infection from person’s own body
- Misplaced microbe (from surgery)
- Disrupted microbe (antibiotic)
What are the 2 types of ways disease can spread?
1) Direct contact transmission
contact between source and host
2) Indirect contact transmission
no contact between source and host
What are examples of:
- direct contact transmission
- indirect contact transmission
- Person to person, vertical (mother to infant), environment
- Airborne, contamination, vector (insects)
What are the five stages of disease in order?
- Incubation period
- Prodromal phase
- Acute phase
- Period of decline
- Convalescent place
Give the names for these stages of disease:
- Time between infection and earliest symptoms
- Early symptoms start
- Incubation period
- Prodromal phase
Give the names of these stages of disease:
- Peak of disease
- Replication is under control; symptoms resolve
- Acute phase
- Period of decline
What is this stage of disease;
Patient recovers; sometimes the disease remains latent
Convalescent period
What are the two types of different infections of the acute phase?
- Clinical infection
- Full symptoms
- Sub-clinical infection
- Infected, do not show symptoms
What can occur if the patient stops taking medication during the period of decline?
Relapse (possible resistance to drug)
What are the three different ways the convalescent stage can end?
- Elimination of pathogen
- Harbor pathogen forever (chronic; cycle between symptoms and no symptoms)
- Asymptomatic carrier (infected, never show symptoms)
What is epidemiology?
- What are its two goals?
Focus of disease in populations
- Describe new/existing disease in population
- Intervene to protect/improve population health
What are the three points of the triangle of epidemiology?
- Public education
- Quarantine
- Vector control (insects)
What are these levels of surveillance and who monitors them?
- reportable diseases
- Notifiable diseases
- State/local list of diseases
- CDC monitored diseases
