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Microbiology Exam 2 > Lecture 10; Pathogenicity > Flashcards

Lecture 10; Pathogenicity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different types of infectious diseases?

A
  1. Opportunistic pathogens
    1. Only cause disease in compromised host
  2. True Pathogen
    1. Cause disease in anyone
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2
Q

What are these sub-types of diseases:

  • Newly identified
  • Previously controlled diseases (no longer)
  • Spread from animal to human
A
  • Emerging diseases
  • Re-emergin diseases
  • Zoonotic disease
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3
Q
  • What are sporadic diseases?
  • What are endemics?
A
  • Isolated infections in particular population
  • Routinely detected in a particular population
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4
Q
  • What are epidemics (diseases)?
  • What are pandemics?
A
  • Widespread disease in a particular place
  • An epidemic that spreads to other countries
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5
Q

What is the difference between signs and symptoms?

A
  1. Sign= measurable indicator of disease (fever, rash…)
  2. Symptom= non-measurable indicator that is sensed by patient (pain, faigue…)
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6
Q

What is the difference between active and latent infections?

A
  1. active= host is showing symptoms (symptomatic)
  2. Latent= host has no symptoms (asymptomatic)
  • virus is inactive
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7
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic infections?

A
  1. acute= rapid onset and progression
  2. chronic= slow onset and progression
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8
Q

What is the difference between a reservoir and source of infections?

A
  1. Reservoir= Where pathogen is normally found
  2. source= transmits the infection from reservoir to new host
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9
Q

What are exogenous sources?

give examples

A

Infection from outside body

  • environment
  • animals
  • other humans
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10
Q

What are endogenous sources?

give examples

A

Infection from person’s own body

  • Misplaced microbe (from surgery)
  • Disrupted microbe (antibiotic)
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11
Q

What are the 2 types of ways disease can spread?

A

1) Direct contact transmission

contact between source and host

2) Indirect contact transmission

no contact between source and host

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12
Q

What are examples of:

  1. direct contact transmission
  2. indirect contact transmission
A
  1. Person to person, vertical (mother to infant), environment
  2. Airborne, contamination, vector (insects)
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13
Q

What are the five stages of disease in order?

A
  1. Incubation period
  2. Prodromal phase
  3. Acute phase
  4. Period of decline
  5. Convalescent place
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14
Q

Give the names for these stages of disease:

  • Time between infection and earliest symptoms
  • Early symptoms start
A
  • Incubation period
  • Prodromal phase
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15
Q

Give the names of these stages of disease:

  • Peak of disease
  • Replication is under control; symptoms resolve
A
  • Acute phase
  • Period of decline
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16
Q

What is this stage of disease;

Patient recovers; sometimes the disease remains latent

A

Convalescent period

17
Q

What are the two types of different infections of the acute phase?

A
  1. Clinical infection
    1. Full symptoms
  2. Sub-clinical infection
    1. Infected, do not show symptoms
18
Q

What can occur if the patient stops taking medication during the period of decline?

A

Relapse (possible resistance to drug)

19
Q

What are the three different ways the convalescent stage can end?

A
  1. Elimination of pathogen
  2. Harbor pathogen forever (chronic; cycle between symptoms and no symptoms)
  3. Asymptomatic carrier (infected, never show symptoms)
20
Q

What is epidemiology?

  • What are its two goals?
A

Focus of disease in populations

  1. Describe new/existing disease in population
  2. Intervene to protect/improve population health
21
Q

What are the three points of the triangle of epidemiology?

A
  1. Public education
  2. Quarantine
  3. Vector control (insects)
22
Q

What are these levels of surveillance and who monitors them?

  1. reportable diseases
  2. Notifiable diseases
A
  1. State/local list of diseases
  2. CDC monitored diseases

Microbiology Exam 2 (18 decks)

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