Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Exam 2 > Lecture 11; Immune system > Flashcards

Lecture 11; Immune system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the first line of defense of the immune system?

A

Innate and nonspecific factors;

  • Physical, chemical, and mechanical barriers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the second line of defense of the immune system?

A

Innate and non-specific factors

  • Lymphatic system, inflammation, antimicrobial proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the third line of defense of the immune system?

A

Acquired and specific factors:

  • B & T cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main physical barrier of the first line of defense?

  • How does it work?
A

Skin

  • Compacted to prevent invasion
  • Contains keratin (water resistant)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some of the mechanical barriers of the first line of defense?

A
  • Tears (flush away microbes)
  • Urine (flush away)
  • Saliva (flush away)
  • Earwax (traps)
  • Mucus membranes (trap)
  • Cilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do these chemical barriers aid in the first line of defense:

  1. Lactoferrin (found in tears)
  2. Lysozyes (Found in tears, saliva, mucus)
A
  1. Lactoferrin= Sequester iron so bacteria can’t steal
  2. Lysozymes= Lyse bacterial cell walls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do these chemical barriers aid the immune system:

  1. Lactoperoxidase (found in stomach, nose, lungs)
  2. Stomach acid
A
  1. Lactoperoxidase= Makes radicals toxic to microbes
  2. stomach acid= low pH destroys pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does this chemical barrier aid the immune system:

Microbiome

A
  • Keeps bad microbes out
  • Discerns between good/bad microbes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Antimicrobial peptides?

  • Do microbes develop resistance to these?
A

Chemical barrier that destorys microbes

  • no
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do Antimicrobial Peptides work?

A
  1. Stimulate immune cells
  2. Direct attack
    1. break cell wall/ target intracellular components
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph and lymphatic vessels that collect fluids from body and filter out microbes.

  • Includes organs and tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are these terms:

Plasma

Interstitial fluid

A
  1. Plasma= liquid portion of blood
  2. ISF= Plasma that has moved into tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are the lymphatic vessels located/ how do they work?

A

Lymphatic vessels run parralel to bloodstream.

Collects lymph (interstitial fluid that has been taken back up by the lymphatic vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the primary lymphoid tissue?

  • What is their job?
A
  1. Thymus
  2. Bone marrow
  • Production of immune cells (leukocytes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the differences in the thymus and bone marrow?

Tissue type/job

A
  1. Thymus= organ that matures immune cells
  2. Bone marrow= tissue that produces immune cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid tissue?

What are their jobs?

A
  1. Lymph Nodes
  2. Spleen
  3. Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
  • Filter lymph and monitor for microbes
17
Q

What are the jobs of the lymph nodes (500-700 throughout body)?

A
  1. Filter microbes out of lymph
  2. Multiply immune cells (swell)
18
Q

What is the job of the spleen (for the lymphatic system)?

A

Filter microbes out of blood

19
Q

What are examples of MALT?

What are their jobs?

A
  1. Tonsils, appendix, Peyer’s patch
  2. Clear out microbes at portals of entry
20
Q

What are the variations of Leukocytes?

A
  1. Granulocytes (granules in cytoplasm)
  2. Agranulocytes (no granules in cytoplasm)
21
Q

What is phagocytosis?

How does it work?

A

Form of endocytosis by immune cells.

Engulf microbe and lysosome destroys.

22
Q

How do Leukocytes “chase” microbes?

A

Follow the microbes via chemotaxis

23
Q

How are microbes engulfed during phagocytosis?

What happens to the microbe?

A

Placed in phagocytic vacuole and destroyed by phagosome.

Parts are expelled

24
Q

What are the 4 types of granulocytes?

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophil
  3. Basophil
  4. Mast Cell
25
Q

What are the jobs of neutrophils?

A
  • Release AMPs to destroy microbes
  • Phagocytose microbes
  • Alert other immune cells
26
Q

A low number of neutrophils indicate a ____ _____.

A

Viral infection

27
Q

What are the jobs of Eosinophils?

A
  • Release enzymes and antimicrobial toxins
  • Target parasites and allergies
28
Q

Increased numbers of these leukocytes indicate what type of infection:

  • Neutrophil
  • Eosinophil
A
  • Bacterial infection
  • Allergic reaction/parasitic infection

Microbiology Exam 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions