Lecture 13 Immune Dysfunction pt. 1 Flashcards
What is immunodeficiency?
What is the difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency?
- Immune system does not work correctly 2. Primary is an immune error you are born with, secondary is developed from something in your life.
What effects do primary immunodeficiency have on the human body?
-over 50% involve B-cell defects -If it involves thymus, T-cells cannot mature
Why is secondary immunodeficiency more common?
Immune function declines as we age
How can drugs cause immunodeficiency?
Can this be counteracted?
Certain drugs suppress immune system
- Make patient susceptible to infections
Reversible, but not always option
How do pathogens affect the immune system?
Inhibit immune system and leave it susceptible to secondary infection
HIV, Measles…
What defense does the human body have against Cancer?
What can make patients more susceptible to cancers?
Cytotoxic T-cells destroy cancer cells.
HIV and Transplants (suppress immune system)
What are immunotherapies?
-Boosts anticancer immune system
What type of immunotherapy is this:
Gardasil vaccin to prevent HPV causing cervical cancer
Prophylactic (preventative)
What type of immunotherapy is this:
Monoclonal antibody given to metastatic melanoma patient
Therapeutic (treatment)
How does autoimmunity affect the human body?
- Treatment leads to immunosuppression
- immune system attacks its own healthy tissue
- Chronic damage to tissue
What is the difference between Systemic and localized autoimmune disorders?
Give example of each
- Systemic- many different tissues; Lupus
- Localized- Joints; Rheumatoid arthritis
What causes type 1 hypersensitivity?
Give examples of types
Reaction to allergy by IgE antibody
Atopic asthma/atopic dermatitis
What are the two stages of Hypersensitivity Type I?
-
Sensitizing exposure: body encounters the harmless allergen
- immune system makes IgE -
Post sensitizing exposure: allergen binds to the IgE
- causes Mast cells and Basophils to release histamine
What is the difference between localized and systemic anaphylaxis?
Localized anaphylaxis= Isolated symptoms (watery eyes)
Systemic anaphylaxis= System-wide symptoms (anaphylactic shock) (required epipen)
