Lecture 13

Question 1

develop antigen receptor

Answer 1

variable region
1V, 1D, 1J
w/ help of recombination activating gene

constant region
determine AB class

each B lymphocyte only 1 variable region, but can produce AB of different class

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
add single or multiple nucleotide

Question 2

response to antigen

Answer 2

IgM first, best to activate complement
IgG primary, move easily in blood stream
depend on infection type, may IgA

Question 3

clonal deletion/ clonal inactivation

Answer 3

T cell that cannot recognize MHC II
T cell that recognize self protein

Question 4

cytotoxic process

Answer 4

dendritic cell present to helper T, activate cytotoxic T by releasing cytokine& cytotoxic T match MHC I, kill infected cell, produce memory cell

Question 5

checkpoint inhibition

Answer 5

TCR(T)&MHC(APC)
CD28(T)&B7(APC)
CTLA4/ PD1 replace binding of CD28, inactivate
block CTLA4, continue killing, treat cancer

Question 6

factor to alter resistance to infection

Answer 6

protein-calorie malnutrition
preexisting disease
stress
sleep
exercise

Question 7

2 immunodeficiency disease

Answer 7

severe combined immunodeficiency disease
1 possible cause: less cytokine

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
HIV infect and kill helper T, susceptible to all pathogen& cancer

Question 8

harmful immune response

Answer 8

tissue/ graft rejection

transfusion reaction

allergy

autoimmune disease
type 1 diabetes mellitus
rheumatoid arthritis
multiple sclerosis
myasthenia gravis

excessive inflammatory response