Lecture 03

Question 1

word for “internal environment”

Answer 1

milieu interieur

Question 2

word for “any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival”

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

phospholipid & H2O

Answer 3

amphipathic
hydrophilic head
hydrophobic tail

Question 4

thickness of phospholipid bilayer

Answer 4

6-10 nm

Question 5

cholesterol对phospholipid bilayer的fluidity作用

Answer 5

low T
reduce packing of fatty acid tail/ aggregation
increase fluidity

high T
stabilize the cell

Question 6

glycocalyx function

Answer 6

protection from infection, identify each other and interact

Question 7

6 function of protein

Answer 7

selective transport channel
enzyme
cell surface receptor
cell surface identity marker
cell adhesion
attachment to the cytoskeleton

Question 8

3 passive transport

Answer 8

diffusion, carrier mediated facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 9

2 active transport

Answer 9

carrier mediated active transport, pino/ phagocytosis

Question 10

word for “amount of particles crossing a surface per unit time”

Answer 10

flux

Question 11

Fick’s Law

Answer 11

J=PA(Co-Ci)

Question 12

factors of flux magnitude(general)

Answer 12

mass of molecule
concentration gradient
lipid solubility
electrical charge
availability of selective ion channel/ carrier

Question 13

2 ways for closing

Answer 13

conformational change& occlusion

Question 14

mediated transport system characteristic

Answer 14

specificity
saturation, have Tm (transport maximum)
competition

Question 15

factors of flux magnitude for mediated transport

Answer 15

solute concentration
affinity of transporter for the solute
number of transporter
rate of transporter conformational change

Question 16

1 eg for “hormone increase number/ affinity of transporter”

Answer 16

GLUT4 transport glucose in muscle, increase by insulin

Question 17

process for Na/K ATPase

Answer 17

in the conformation high affinity binding site for 3 Na that face intracellular fluid

ATP is bound

ATP phosphorylated, ADP release

carrier change conformation, lose affinity of Na, high affinity to K

bind 2K

change conformation, 2K release inside

Question 18

function of Ca-ATPase

Answer 18

maintain low intracellular Ca level

Question 19

function of H-ATPase

Answer 19

maintain low lysosomal pH

Question 20

function of H/K ATPase

Answer 20

acidification of stomach