Lecture 12 Flashcards
What are the cell types in the heart? Where are they? How much of the cells do they each make up?
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How to measure the electrical components of the heart? What are the important intervals?
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What is myocardial infarction? Why is it important?
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What happens in a heart after MI? What is the consequence of this?
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Why can’t the heart regenerate?
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What are the properties of the heart stem cells? What happens in the heart after injury because of this?
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What can we do to use the stem cells for regeneration?
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What cells to use in replacement? What different trials have been happening? What is the success of these trails? Why?
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Can we use IPSCs for MI? Why are they better?
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How to differentiate IPSCs or ESCs into CM?
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How does a heart develop in the first place? What are the initial steps to specify the lineage?
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How is the mesoderm established? What is the signalling?
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What happens after the establishment of mesoderm? How is this done?
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What are the 3 sets of signals that enable cardiac specification?
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What happens as a results of these signals all together? What is formed?
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Where do the cells of the heart come from?
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What is the cardiac crest?
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Where does blood therefore come from?
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How do we know BMP and Wnt are critical signals? What experiment was done to show this and show how they work?
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How has the protocol now been improved to form cardiomyocytes? What are the stages? What factors are used at each stage? How much better is this?
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How do we know that they are cardiomyocytes?
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How do reporter systems help?
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How do reporter systems help improve efficiency? How to improve speed?
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What is the reporter system used to identify cardiomyocytes?
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Are IPSC derived CM functional? How to measure? How to control?
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How can the beating rate of ESC and IPSC derived cardiomyocytes be changed?
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What drugs changed the beat? How did it affect it?
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How did the IPSC derived cardiomyocytes compare to the normal in response to the drug in terms of contractility and beating frequency?
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What is Timothy syndrome? What is the mutation?
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How to study cardiomyopathies?
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What to first check when made IPSCs?
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What did the study of Timothy syndrome IPSCs show? What was the phenotype?
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What is the difference between the human and mouse IPSCs and the CM derived from them?
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What can be done once the phenotype is known?
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What was found to help Timothy syndrome IPSCs? What was the experiment done to show how it helped?
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