Lecture 10 Flashcards
What do mesenchymal cells do normally in normal development in the body?
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What are embryonic stem cells? Where are they derived from?
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Can the environment alter the cells? What does this mean for embryonic stem cells?
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Define Somatic cell?
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Define Nuclear?
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Define Transfer?
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What is the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) experiment? What did it show? What were the steps?
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Why was Dolly the sheep a break through? What did this show?
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How did they make Dolly?
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What is the problem with SCNT?
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What is the future potential of SCNT in humans?
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What about SCNT in humans? Concerns?
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What is a problem with SCNT in humans? What solved this?
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What is the timeline so far with SCNT?
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What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)? When were they discovered? What was used?
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What are the comparisons between embryonic stem cells, Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer and Induced Pluripotent Stem cells? a. Level of potency b. Resources needed c. Cell Replacement Healthy/ Disease
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What was the rationale behind iPSCs?
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How to test whether something is contributing to the maintenance of the embryonic stem cell phenotype?
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How was this test used to work out which transcription factors lead to ESCs?
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How did they narrow down the number of factors? What experiment was done?
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What were the final number of factors? What were they?
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What other potential ways to make iPSCs?
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What do most people use though?
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What is the method to make iPSCs?
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How long does the process take? How to identify iPSCs?
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How to check whether the cells are good? What can happen?
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If healthy with no mutations then what need to check to validate the authenticity of iPSCs?
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How to check whether a cell is pluripotent?
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What are the different pluripotent markers to check for?
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What is the methylation to check for?
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How to check for differentiation? What are the two methods?
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How to check whether the iPSCs can contribute to the germ line? What experiment was done?
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Why are iPSCs useful?
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