Lecture 12 Flashcards
Why do females have a lower percentage of body water?
Have a higher percentage of body fat
What are the three types of extracellular fluid? How much of the extracellular fluid do they make up?
Transcellular (3% - 1.5 - 2L) in CSF
Plasma (7% - 3-4L)
Interstitial (28% - 11-12L)
What is interstitial fluid?
Outside of cells but nor part of the cardiovascular system
What is transcellular fluid?
Urine stored in bladder; unusual fluid that doesn’t conform to other types of fluids
What are exceptions to typical intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations?
Cells whose job is to secrete Cl has higher concs. of Cl
Colon, upper respiratory tract counts amount of Na and not concentration
How do the kidneys impact blood pressure?
Total Na content of plasma is regulated in kidneys
Where does most excretion of Na occur?
Through urine
Why is cholera fatal in third-world countries?
Amount of water loss from acute diarrhea can cause dehydration of the brain
Name examples of congenital abnormalities of the kidney?
Renal agenesis
- don’t develop kidneys
- fetuses instantaneously abort in first trimester
- 1/2500 fetuses affected
Ectopic kidney
- One or more kidneys are in the wrong place
- 1/800
- increased risk of damage but not fatal
- kidney stones
Horseshoe kidney
- Kidneys fused across midline
- Increased risk of renal stone formation and damage
- 1/1000
What part of the kidney has a darker color and why?
Medulla, rich blood supply
What is the capsule of the kidney?
Fibrous layer that protects and holds kidney in place
What are the papilla?
End of medullary rays
What are the calynx?
Drainage channels
What are they hillus?
Where drainage region comes out of kidney
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
How many nephrons are there in each kidney?
1-1.5 million
What is the function of the nephron?
Produce urine
Body fluid composition and fluid regulator
Where does modification of fluid occur?
Loop of Henle
Where does fully formed urine collect at?
Collecting duct
How many distal tubules from different nephrons does each collecting duct drain?
6
What is the diameter of the glomerulus?
200 micro-meters
Where does the afferent arteriole receive blood?
renal artery
How much of plasma goes into Bowman’s capsule?
20%
How much of plasma goes through efferent arterole?
80%
