lecture 1: homeostasis and organ systems

Question 1

what is the circulatory system

Answer 1

cardiovascular
lymphatic

Question 2

how many organ systems regulate blood pressure

Answer 2

4

Question 3

describe the organ systems that regulate blood pressure

Answer 3

circulatory - pressure and blood against vessels
nervous - dilating vessels, sends signals
musculoskeletal - acts as pump for blood
excretory - controls fluids (pressure)

Question 4

name the organ systems that regulate blood pressure

Answer 4

circulatory - cardiovascular and lymphatic
nervous
musculoskeletal
excretory

Question 5

what is anatomy

Answer 5

study of structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Question 6

what is physiology

Answer 6

study of function of body parts and how they work together to carry out life sustaining activities

Question 7

state order of structural organization

Answer 7

atoms
molecule
organelle
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems

Question 8

definition of homeostasis

Answer 8

maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment

Question 9

describe homeostasis

Answer 9

organ systems collaborate to regulate variables, things that can change, within body - goal = maintain homeostasis

Question 10

name variables maintained by homeostasis

Answer 10

37 degree body temp
blood pressure
hormone levels
cholesterol
blood sugar
heart rate (resting)

Question 11

name components of homeostasis

Answer 11

set point
stimulus
control center
response (–> back to set point)

Question 12

how many mechanisms to maintain homeostasis

Answer 12

2

Question 13

name the 2 mechanisms to maintain homeostasis

Answer 13

negative feedback
positive feedback

Question 14

describe negative feedback

Answer 14

counteracting change
reduces or shuts off original stimulus
keeps variables in narrow range

Question 15

describe positive feedback

Answer 15

exaggerates stimulus - moves further away
enhances original stimulus
continues till end point

Question 16

which mechanism is most common and why

Answer 16

negative feedback
want to maintain homeostasis

Question 17

what type of feedback is body temp regulation

Answer 17

negative feedback

Question 18

describe receptor body temp regulation

Answer 18

temperature sensitive cells in skin and brain (hypothalamus)
senses temp of cerebral spinal fluid

Question 19

describe control center body temp regulation

Answer 19

brain - hypothalamus

Question 20

name effectors body temp regulation

Answer 20

sweat glands
blood vessels
skeletal muscles
ALL INVOLUNTARY

Question 21

describe sweat glands

Answer 21

hot
turned on by nervous system
helps you cool off

Question 22

describe blood vessels (effector of body temp regulation)

Answer 22

hot - dilate, make skin red, more blood, exchange heat with environment
cold - turns skin white first, blood flow diverted to core of body and vital organs, constricts blood vessels in extremities

Question 23

describe skeletal muscles

Answer 23

cold
shivering
skeletal muscles contracting
help warm you up

Question 24

what is a fever and why does body cause it (+ shiver)

Answer 24

negative feedback
immune response to counteract illness
hypothalamus changes set point (to combat) - higher so temp rises to get there, but doesnt reach exact set point so you shiver (39 degrees, but wants 40)
THEN cold sweat bc set point goes back to lower, so sweats to get heat lower

Question 25

what type of feedback is blood sugar

Answer 25

negative feedback

Question 26

name receptor and control centre for blood sugar

Answer 26

pancreas

Question 27

describe high blood sugar

Answer 27

insulin cells take up glucose from blood glycogen is formed - liver and muscle

Question 28

describe low blood sugar

Answer 28

glucagon glycogen is broken down - liver cells glucose released into blood

Question 29

name the 3 things (organs/tissues kinda) which have to do with blood sugar

Answer 29

liver skeletal muscles adipose

Question 30

what type of feedback is blood clotting

Answer 30

positive feeback

Question 31

describe blood clotting

Answer 31

amplified chain reaction platelets stick to damaged region of blood vessel they release chemical that recruits more platelets - all pile up until end point (stop bleeding)

Question 32

what is the set point for blood clotting

Answer 32

no blood clot but then blood clot forms be injury and leads to positive feedback

Question 33

describe blood clotting cycle

Answer 33

break or tear in vessel wall positive feedback cycle platelets adhere to site and chemicals released attracts more platelet plug forms - end of cycle

Question 34

what is bruising

Answer 34

internal bleeding even if not like a cut gushing blood it still bleeds

Question 35

what type of feedback is childbirth

Answer 35

positive

Question 36

describe childbirth

Answer 36

pressure of babys head against cervix stimulates release of oxytocin causes uterine contractions (then causes baby head to put more pressure, restarts cycle) keeps getting stronger (more pressure)

Question 37

what is the endpoint of childbirth

Answer 37

contractions end when childbirth is complete