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Human Physiology > lecture 1: homeostasis and organ systems > Flashcards

lecture 1: homeostasis and organ systems Flashcards

1
Q

what is the circulatory system

A

cardiovascular
lymphatic

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2
Q

how many organ systems regulate blood pressure

A

4

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3
Q

describe the organ systems that regulate blood pressure

A

circulatory - pressure and blood against vessels
nervous - dilating vessels, sends signals
musculoskeletal - acts as pump for blood
excretory - controls fluids (pressure)

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4
Q

name the organ systems that regulate blood pressure

A

circulatory - cardiovascular and lymphatic
nervous
musculoskeletal
excretory

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5
Q

what is anatomy

A

study of structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

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6
Q

what is physiology

A

study of function of body parts and how they work together to carry out life sustaining activities

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7
Q

state order of structural organization

A

atoms
molecule
organelle
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems

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8
Q

definition of homeostasis

A

maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment

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9
Q

describe homeostasis

A

organ systems collaborate to regulate variables, things that can change, within body - goal = maintain homeostasis

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10
Q

name variables maintained by homeostasis

A

37 degree body temp
blood pressure
hormone levels
cholesterol
blood sugar
heart rate (resting)

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11
Q

name components of homeostasis

A

set point
stimulus
control center
response (–> back to set point)

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12
Q

how many mechanisms to maintain homeostasis

A

2

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13
Q

name the 2 mechanisms to maintain homeostasis

A

negative feedback
positive feedback

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14
Q

describe negative feedback

A

counteracting change
reduces or shuts off original stimulus
keeps variables in narrow range

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15
Q

describe positive feedback

A

exaggerates stimulus - moves further away
enhances original stimulus
continues till end point

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16
Q

which mechanism is most common and why

A

negative feedback
want to maintain homeostasis

17
Q

what type of feedback is body temp regulation

A

negative feedback

18
Q

describe receptor body temp regulation

A

temperature sensitive cells in skin and brain (hypothalamus)
senses temp of cerebral spinal fluid

19
Q

describe control center body temp regulation

A

brain - hypothalamus

20
Q

name effectors body temp regulation

A

sweat glands
blood vessels
skeletal muscles
ALL INVOLUNTARY

21
Q

describe sweat glands

A

hot
turned on by nervous system
helps you cool off

22
Q

describe blood vessels (effector of body temp regulation)

A

hot - dilate, make skin red, more blood, exchange heat with environment
cold - turns skin white first, blood flow diverted to core of body and vital organs, constricts blood vessels in extremities

23
Q

describe skeletal muscles

A

cold
shivering
skeletal muscles contracting
help warm you up

24
Q

what is a fever and why does body cause it (+ shiver)

A

negative feedback
immune response to counteract illness
hypothalamus changes set point (to combat) - higher so temp rises to get there, but doesnt reach exact set point so you shiver (39 degrees, but wants 40)
THEN cold sweat bc set point goes back to lower, so sweats to get heat lower

25
Q

what type of feedback is blood sugar

A

negative feedback

26
Q

name receptor and control centre for blood sugar

A

pancreas

27
Q

describe high blood sugar

A

insulin
cells take up glucose from blood
glycogen is formed - liver and muscle

28
Q

describe low blood sugar

A

glucagon
glycogen is broken down - liver cells
glucose released into blood

29
Q

name the 3 things (organs/tissues kinda) which have to do with blood sugar

A

liver
skeletal muscles
adipose

30
Q

what type of feedback is blood clotting

A

positive feeback

31
Q

describe blood clotting

A

amplified chain reaction
platelets stick to damaged region of blood vessel
they release chemical that recruits more platelets - all pile up until end point (stop bleeding)

32
Q

what is the set point for blood clotting

A

no blood clot
but then blood clot forms be injury and leads to positive feedback

33
Q

describe blood clotting cycle

A

break or tear in vessel wall
positive feedback cycle
platelets adhere to site and chemicals released attracts more
platelet plug forms - end of cycle

34
Q

what is bruising

A

internal bleeding
even if not like a cut gushing blood it still bleeds

35
Q

what type of feedback is childbirth

A

positive

36
Q

describe childbirth

A

pressure of babys head against cervix
stimulates release of oxytocin
causes uterine contractions (then causes baby head to put more pressure, restarts cycle)
keeps getting stronger (more pressure)

37
Q

what is the endpoint of childbirth

A

contractions end when childbirth is complete

Human Physiology (17 decks)

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