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Human Physiology > lab 1: animal physiology > Flashcards

lab 1: animal physiology Flashcards

1
Q

define dorsal

A

towards the backbone

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2
Q

define ventral

A

away from the back (towards the tummy)

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3
Q

define anterior

A

towards the head

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4
Q

define posterior

A

away from the head

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5
Q

define lateral

A

away from midline

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6
Q

define medial

A

closer to midline

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7
Q

define external

A

towards the surface

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8
Q

define internal

A

away from the surface (towards the inside)

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9
Q

how to know if fetal pig is female

A

presence of clitoris
urogenital opening at base of papilla near tail

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10
Q

how to know if fetal pig is male

A

presence of scrotal sac
urogenital opening near umbilical cord

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11
Q

describe liver

A

Stores extra carbs as glycogen
Detox of chemicals
Disposes of components of damaged blood cells
Produces bile salts

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12
Q

describe gallbladder

A

Stores bile and releases it into the upper region of small intestine (duodenum) via bile duct

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13
Q

describe small intestine

A

Finalizes digestion and absorbs nutrients

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14
Q

describe large intestine

A

Reabsorbs water and some vitamins or minerals

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15
Q

describe caecum

A

Contains bacteria important for digestion of plant matter

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16
Q

describe rectum

A

Stores indigestible material (feces) before excretion via anus

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17
Q

describe spleen

A

Removes old red blood cells
Stores lymphocytes and red blood cells

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18
Q

describe stomach

A

Digestion of proteins

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19
Q

describe pancreas

A

Secretes digestive enzymes into duodenum
Produces hormones, insulin and glucagon, to regulate blood glucose levels

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20
Q

describe kidney

A

Filters blood
Produces urine (osmoregulation and nitrogen waste excretion)

21
Q

describe ureter

A

Carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder

22
Q

describe urinary bladder

A

stores urine

23
Q

name parts that only a female fetal pig has

A

ovaries
uterine horn

24
Q

name parts that only a male fetal pig has

A

testis
penis

25
Q

describe ovary

A

Produces ova (female gametes) and male sex hormones

26
Q

describe uterine horn

A

Development of fetus

27
Q

describe testis

A

may be undescended
Produces sperm (male gametes) and male sex hormones

28
Q

describe penis

A

Insemination of female
Urination (urethra)

29
Q

describe bulbourethral glands

A

Contribute to seminal fluid

30
Q

describe larynx

A

contains vocal cords

31
Q

describe trachea

A

Carries air from larynx to lungs
Branches into bronchi, bronchioles and ends in sacs called alveoli (where gas exchange happens)

32
Q

describe thymus (3 lobes)

A

Site of T-lymphocyte development
Produces hormones that stimulate lymphocyte development

33
Q

describe thyroid

A

Produces hormones involved in regulation of metabolism

34
Q

describe esophagus

A

Carries food from pharynx to stomach

35
Q

describe heart and name its parts

A

pumps blood throughout circulatory system

Right atrium
Pulmonary trunk
Aorta
Ductus arteriosus - only present in fetus
Anterior and posterior vena cavae

36
Q

Describe lungs

A

site of gas exchange

37
Q

describe diaphragm

A

Muscle that separates abdominal and thoracic cavities
Contraction causes it to move downward during inhalation (*negative pressure breathing)

38
Q

describe ductus arteriosus

A

shunt between pulmonary artery and aorta
closes at birth when lungs become functional

39
Q

name and describe the 2 major veins returning blood to heart

A

Anterior (superior) vena cava - drains head, neck and arms
Posterior (inferior) vena cava - drains all tissues located below the heart

40
Q

describe hard palate

A

Separates nasal cavity from oral cavity (anterior)

41
Q

describe soft palate

A

Separates nasal cavity from oral cavity (posterior)

42
Q

describe pharynx

A

Passageway for food to esophagus and air to the larynx

43
Q

describe nasopharynx

A

Nasal passageway into pharynx

44
Q

describe epiglottis

A

Flap of tissue that covers glottis (opening to larynx) when swallowing

45
Q

describe sympathetic trunk

A

Part of autonomic nervous system
Fight or flight response
Contains ganglia

46
Q

Describe spinal cord

A

Part of central nervous system
Encased in backbone/vertebrae

47
Q

describe dorsal root

A

Contains sensory neurons
Joins with ventral root to form spinal nerves

48
Q

describe dorsal root ganglion

A

Located in dorsal root
Contain cell bodies of sensory neurons

49
Q

describe spinal nerves

A

Contains sensory and motor neurons
Part of peripheral nervous system

Human Physiology (17 decks)

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