lab 2: histology Flashcards

1
Q

define parfocal

A

all objectives are adjusted to the same plane of focus

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2
Q

which 2 parts of the microscope magnify

A

the eyepiece and objective

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3
Q

how is total magnification found

A

product of magnification of eyepiece times magnification of objective

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4
Q

define coarse adjustment

A

move stage up and down to get rough focus

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5
Q

define fine adjustment

A

move stage up and down to get fine focus

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6
Q

define ocular/eyepiece

A

part to look into microscope, contains lenses to increase magnification

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7
Q

define objectives

A

contains lenses of different magnification on a revolving nose piece

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8
Q

define stage

A

supports specimen, has opening which allows light to come through from light source underneath, mechanical stage knobs control positioning of slide

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9
Q

define iris diaphragm

A

opening underneath stage whose size can be regulated in order to regulate amount of light passing through specimen

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10
Q

define condenser

A

focuses light on specimen, adjusts contrast

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11
Q

name the 4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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12
Q

name and describe types of shapes of epithelial tissue

A

Squamous = thin flat cells
Cuboidal = square in shape with centrally placed nucleus
Columnar = rectangular with nuclei at base of cell

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13
Q

name and describe tissue layers for epithelial tissue

A

Simple = one cell thick - Found on surface of organs whose functions are to secret or absorb
Stratified = multilayered - Found where protection or durability required

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14
Q

describe special tissue of upper respiratory tract

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar (nuclei of simple columnar are located at varying heights giving illusion of stratified)
Cells display outgrowths = cilia
Aids in movement of air and mucous

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15
Q

describe goblet cells

A

vase shaped cell that secretes mucus
Interspersed in epithelial layer of organs who rely on mucous secretions for lubrication and protection

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16
Q

describe areolar connective tissue

A

loosely associated collagen fibres and cells (fibroblasts)

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17
Q

describe adipose cells

A

found in loose connective tissue
Large, empty appearing cells with nucleus pushed to side

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18
Q

describe dense connective tissue

A

more solid matrix = provides more support

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19
Q

name the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

20
Q

describe skeletal muscle

A

found in somatic (voluntary) muscle
Made up of large, multinucleated cells with observable striation

21
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

found in visceral (involuntary) muscle
Composed of smaller cells with one nucleus and no striations

22
Q

describe cardiac muscle

A

Cells are smaller (1-2 nuclei)
Difficult to observe striations
Intercalated discs

23
Q

name the 3 tissue layers of skin

A

outer epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

24
Q

describe outer epidermis

A

Non cellular keratin layer on surface
Keratin layer secreted by epithelial cells - provides additional protection

25
describe dermis
dense connective tissue
26
describe hypodermis
loose connective tissue
27
which organs are part of gastrointestinal tract
esophagus small intestine colon
28
name the layers of gastrointestinal tract tissue
mucosa submucosa inner layer of circular muscle outer layer of longitudinal muscle serosa
29
describe mucosa
epithelial layer lining lumen - simple columnar
30
describe submucosa
loose connective tissue with glandular structures
31
describe inner layer of circular muscle
cells align with perimeter of intestine
32
describe outer layer of longitudinal muscle
cells align along length of intestine - observed in cross section
33
describe serosa
simple squamous layer - continuous with mesentery
34
name planes of section
transverse sagittal frontal
35
describe transversal
(cross) in horizontal plane, separates superior and inferior Magician saws in half
36
describe sagittal
longitudinal, separates right and left, may be medial or lateral Separates the brain - right side and left side
37
describe frontal
longitudinal, separates anterior and posterior Like kinder egg
38
describe dorsal
back
39
describe ventral
belly
40
describe anterior
towards the front, facing forwards
41
describe posterior
towards the back, facing backwards
42
describe superior
towards the head, cranial, upper
43
describe inferior
towards the tail, caudal, lower
44
describe medial
towards the midline
45
describe lateral
towards the side
46
describe proximal
closer to point of reference
47
describe distal
further from point of reference