Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHYSIOLOGY SEMESTER 2 > lect 12/13- contributions of cerebellum & basal nuclei to motor function > Flashcards

lect 12/13- contributions of cerebellum & basal nuclei to motor function Flashcards

1
Q

what signals does the primary motor cortex send

A

signals motor neurons to control skeletal muscle fibers via the corticospinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the premotor cortex (area 6) do

A

plans movement based on sensory and visual cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the supplementary motor area (area 6) do

A

retrieves and coordinates memorized motor sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F cerebellum is essential for locomotion

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what separates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are each hemisphere of the cerebellum divided into

A

intermediate zone and lateral zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum

A

anterior lobe, posterior lobe, flocculonodular lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the “oldest” lobe of the brain

A

flocculonodular lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the intermediate zone associated with

A

concerned with controlling muscle contractions in the distal portions of the upper and lower libs (esp. hands, feet, fingers and toes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the lateral zone associated with

A

cerebral cortex with planning of sequential motor movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name the intracerebellar nuclei

A

dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens when there is a lesion in the dentate, emboli form, or globose nuclei

A

extremity ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens if there is a lesion in the fastigial nuclei

A

trunk ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where do fastigial nuclei fibers project

A

to reticular formation and vestibular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what types of cells are in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex

A

granule cells, golgi type 2 cells, and glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what types of cells are in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex

A

stellate cells, basket cells, purkinje dendrites, golgi type 2 cells, and axons of granule cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what cell in the cerebellar cortex is excitatory

A

granular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe granular cells

A

axons form parallel fibers in cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe golgi cells

A

project from parallel fibers to granular cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe basket cells

A

project from parallel fibers to purkinje axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe stellate cells

A

project from parallel fibers to purkinje dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what cells provide lateral inhibition on adjacent purkinje cells to provide damping

A

basket and stellate cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the only output from the cortex

A

purkinje cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what do climbing fibers originate from

A

medullary olives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what “conditions” the purkinje cells

A

climbing fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

where do mossy fibers originate

A

from multiple centers in brainstem and spinal cord, including vestibulocerebellar, spinocerebellar and pontocerebellar tyracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where do mossy fibers synapse

A

on granule cells in glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what neurotransmitter do purkinje cell axons use

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where do purkinje cell axons project

A

deep cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what do purkinje cell axons do

A

modulate output of cerebellum and provides synergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

where does the output from a functional unit come from

A

a deep nuclear cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

where are afferent inputs to cerebellum mainly from

A

climbing and mossy fibers

33
Q

where do all climbing fibers originate from

A

inferior olives

34
Q

what are the 3 levels of the cerebellum that coordinate motor functions

A

vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum and cerebrocerebellum

35
Q

what is the main function of vestibulocerebellum

A

functions in control of balance and eye movement

36
Q

where does the vestibulocerebellum receive fibers rom

A

vestibular system and oculomotor system

37
Q

what happens if there is a loss of flocculonodular lobes in vestibulocerebellum

A

extreme disturbance of equilibrium and postural movements

38
Q

what changes occur when the cerebellum is removed

A

movements are slow to develop, force developed is weak, movements are slow to turn off

39
Q

what does the spinocerebellum consists mostly of

A

vermis an intermediate zone

40
Q

what is the main function of spinocerebellum

A

functions in synergy: control of rate, force, range and direction of movement

41
Q

where does the spinocerebellum send corrections of info from 2 sources

A

motor cortex via thalamus and magnocellular portion of red nucleus

42
Q

what does the cerebrocerebellum consists of

A

lateral parts of hemispheres

43
Q

what is the cerebrocerebellum involved in

A

coordination of skilled movement and spleen (involved in motor imagery)

44
Q

what is the cerebrocerebellum mostly associated with

A

premotor and the primary and association somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex

45
Q

what tracts form the mossy fibers that terminate on the granule cells in the cerebral cortex

A

corticopontocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar, reticulocerebellar and spinocerebellar

46
Q

where does the vestibulocerebellar afferent tract terminate

A

in flocculonodular lobes

47
Q

where does the reticulocerebellar afferent tracts terminate

A

primarily in vermis

48
Q

describe dorsa spinocerebellar afferent tract

A

muscle spindles–> ipsilaterally in vermis and intermediate zones

49
Q

how does the ventral spinocerebellar afferent tracts terminate

A

both ipsilaterally and contralaterally

50
Q

signals from where excite the ventral spinocerebellar afferent tracts

A

cortex via corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts; internal motor pattern generators within spinal cord

51
Q

what do the axons of the olivocerebellar afferent tracts form

A

climbing fibers

52
Q

describe the cerebellareticular efferent tracts

A

fastigial nuclei –> reticular nuclei in pons and medulla

53
Q

describe the cerebellothalamocortical efferent tracts

A

dentate, emboliform, globose nuclei –> thalamus –> motor cortex

54
Q

describe the cerebellorubral efferent tracts

A

dentate, emboliform, globose nuclei –> red nucleus

55
Q

describe the cerebellovestibular efferent tracts

A

cerebellum –> vestibular nuclei

56
Q

where do basal nuclei receive most of their input from

A

cerebral cortex

57
Q

where do basal nuclei return most of their output to

A

cerebral cortex

58
Q

what is the principal role of basal nuclei

A

work with corticospinal system to modulate thalamic output to the motor cortex to plan and execute smooth movements

59
Q

what paired nuclei do the basal nuclei consist of

A

striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus

60
Q

is the putamen circuit overall excitatory or inhibitory

A

excitatory

61
Q

what is the overall purpose of the putamen circuit

A

subconscious execution of learned patterns of movement

62
Q

is the putamen circuit direct or indirect

A

direct

63
Q

what is the neurotransmitter involved in the cerebral cortex to the putamen in the putamen circuit

A

acetylcholine

64
Q

what is the neurotransmitter involved in putament to glubus pallid us and substantial nigra reticular is in the putamen circuit

A

GABA and dopamine

65
Q

what is the neurotransmitter involved in the globus pallid us and substantial nigra reticular to the thalamic relay nuclei in the putamen circuit

A

GABA

66
Q

what is the neurotransmitter involved in thalamic relay nuclei to primary motor cortex in the putamen circuit

A

glutamate

67
Q

what neurotransmitter is used for connections between the striatum and the substantial nigra in the putamen circuit

A

dopamine

68
Q

what type of receptors does dopamine use in the indirect and direct pathways

A

direct: D1 receptors
indirect: D2

69
Q

what is the caudate circuit used for

A

cognitive planning of sequential and parallel motor patterns and major role is in cognitive control of motor activity

70
Q

is the caudate circuit overall inhibitory or excitatory

A

inhibitory

71
Q

what neurons are destroyed in huntingtons disease

A

GABA

72
Q

what neurotransmitter is used to go from substantial nigra to caudate nucleus and putamen (indirect pathway)

A

dopamine (inhibitory)

73
Q

what is the neurotransmitter involved in the caudate nucleus and putamen to globus pallid us and substantial nigra (indirect pathway)

A

GABA (inhibitory)

74
Q

what is the neurotransmitter involved in the cortex to caudate nucleus and putamen (indirect pathway)

A

acetylcholine (excitatory)

75
Q

what lesion is responsible for Parkinsons

A

widespread destruction of pars compacta of substantia nigra

76
Q

what are some characteristics of parkinson’s

A

rigidity, involuntary tremors, akinesia, postural instability, dysphagia, speech disorders, fatigue, gait disturbances

77
Q

what is huntington’s probably caused by

A

loss of most cell bodies of GABA-secreting neurons of caudate nucleus and putamen and of Ach neurons in other parts of the brain

78
Q

what do GABA neurons usually do to parts of globes pallidus and substantial nigra

A

inhibits

PHYSIOLOGY SEMESTER 2 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions