Lec5AbdominalCavity-Peritoneum & Stomach & Spleen & Liver & Gallbladder & Pancreas

Question 1

What is the upper border of the peritoneum?

Answer 1

thoracic diaphragm

Question 2

What is the lower border of the peritoneum?

Answer 2

superior pelvic aperture

Question 3

What are the contents of the peritoneum?

Answer 3

peritoneum=parietal +visceral
abdominal viscera (organs): digestive organs, spleen, kidneys and adrenal (suprarenal) glands

Question 4

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

Answer 4

abdominal cavity wall

Question 5

The parietal peritoneum lines the ant abdominal wall and that includes which structures?

Answer 5

transversalis fascia, (extra-peritoneal) fat, mesothelium

Question 6

The parietal peritoneum lines the post abdominal wall and that includes which structures?

Answer 6

muscles (all 4), fascia (CT), mesothelium

Question 7

What exactly is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 7

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Question 8

What is the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 8

covers abdominal organs

Question 9

What does the visceral peritoneum form and what does it allow for?

Answer 9

Forms mesenteries+ omenta + ligaments (all have a double layer)

The thin vascular membrane allows for IP injection of drugs

Question 10

What two spaces is the peritoneal cavity divided into?

Answer 10

Greater sac and lesser sac

Question 11

What is the greater sac?

Answer 11

major part of the peritoneal cavity

Question 12

What is the lesser sac and its location?

Answer 12

omental bursa
post to stomach and lesser omentum
extends superior and inferior recesses

Question 13

What is the opening between the greater and lesser sac called? and where is it located?

Answer 13

epiploic (omental) foramen/ foramen of winslow
posterior to the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament)

Question 14

What is the omentum/omenta(singular)?

Answer 14

double layered folds of visceral peritoneum

Question 15

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 15

connects stomach to transverse colon.
derived from dorsal mesentery
mostly fatty tissue

Question 16

What is the lesser omentum

Answer 16

connects stomach + duodenum to liver.
derived from ventral mesentery

Question 17

What 2 ligaments are in the lesser omentum?

Answer 17

hepatogastric ligament
hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 18

What is the arterial supply of the foregut?

Answer 18

abdominal aorta—CELIAC TRUNK— (left gastric a, splenic a, common hepatic a to right gastric a)

Question 19

Where does the foregut and midgut sympathetic innervation come from?

Answer 19

Thoracic splanchnics

Question 20

Where does the foregut and midgut parasympathetic innervation come from?

Answer 20

vagus nerve

Question 21

What are the intraperitoneal organs (covered on all sides) of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 21

Splenda Sweetener Doesn’t Take Like Sugar

Spleen
Small Intestine (jejunum +ileum)
Duodenum (superior part)
Transverse Colon
Liver
Stomach

Question 22

What are the retroperitoneal organs (covered on anterior side) of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 22

kidneys +suprarenal (adrenal) glands

Question 23

What are the secondary retroperitoneal organs of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 23

A Dynamic Duo Pair

Ascending colon
Descending colon
Duodenum (descending +horizontal +ascending parts)
Pancreas

Question 24

What are the structures of the stomach?

Answer 24

cardia: connects stomach to esophagus
Fundus: 1st segment
Body: 2nd segment
Pylorus (antrum)=3rd segment
Pyloric sphincter: connects to duodenum
Gastric Rugae:internal folding of a stomach (enables stomach to expand

Question 25

Does the kidney +suprarenal (adrenal) glands have mesentary?

Answer 25

NO, bc its a retroperitoneal organ

Question 26

What is the arterial supply of the stomach?

Answer 26

celiac trunk----- right and left gastric arteries

Question 27

The greater curvature of the stomach attaches to

Answer 27

greater omentum

Question 28

The lesser curvature of the stomach attaches to

Answer 28

lesser omentum (hepatogastric ligament)

Question 29

The spleen is what type of organ?

Answer 29

intraperitoneal

Question 30

Where is the spleen located (which quandrant) and its associated surfaces?

Answer 30

located in LUQ and its associated surfaces are stomach (gastric) kidney (renal) colon (colic)

Question 31

What is the function of the spleen and how does it do it?

Answer 31

immune fxn: Filters blood It does so through open circulation 1. blood leaves capillaries 2. blood cells travels across open space 3. blood cells enter spleen---closed circulation

Question 32

The pancreas is what type of organ?

Answer 32

secondary retroperitoneal organ

Question 33

What is the function of the pancreas??

Answer 33

Exocrine function: secretes enzymes into descending duodenum Endocrine function: secretes hormones (insulin/glucagon) into blood

Question 34

What are the 4 segments of the pancreas?

Answer 34

head (RUQ), neck body, tail (LUQ)

Question 35

What is the main pancreatic duct?

Answer 35

combines with common bile duct forms hepatopancreatic ampulla (of vater) drains bile + pancreatic fluids to MAJOR papilla

Question 36

What is the ampulla of vater?

Answer 36

surrounded by sphincter of Oddi located in descending duodenum

Question 37

Accessory pancreatic duct?

Answer 37

superior to main duct drains pancreatic fluids to MINOR pailla

Question 38

What type of organ is the liver?

Answer 38

intraperitoneal

Question 39

What is the blood flow to the liver?

Answer 39

Portal vein=75% (deoxy blood from intestines, spleen, pancreas) Hepatic artery=25% (oxy blood to the liver)

Question 40

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 40

Exocrine function: produces + stores bile in the gallbladder Endocrine function: produces plasma proteins to release into blood

Question 41

What is the portal triad of the liver?

Answer 41

Hepatic artery Portal vein Bile duct

Question 42

What is the portal hepatis of the liver?

Answer 42

contains all the vessels going in/out of liver

Question 43

What are the structures of the liver?

Answer 43

bare area: site where there is no peritoneum (lies directly against diaphragm) coronary ligament: suspends liver from diaphragm triangular ligament: continuation of coronary ligament falciform ligament: divides liver into right and left lobe ligamentum teres: continuation of falciform lig (represents remnant of left umbilical vein)

Question 44

What does the hepatogastricligament(from lesser omentum) connect?

Answer 44

stomach to liver

Question 45

What does the hepatoduodenal (from lesser omentum) connect?

Answer 45

duodenum to liver

Question 46

The gallbladder is what type of organ?

Answer 46

intraperitoneal (lies in visceral surface of liver)

Question 47

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 47

concentrates and stores bile secretes bile into the major papilla (duodenum). It is stimulated by the presence of fat in the duodenum

Question 48

What is the cystic duct of the gall bladder?

Answer 48

contributes to the common bile duct merges with the hepatic duct

Question 49

What is the path of fluid drainage of the liver + gallbladder?

Answer 49

hepatic duct + cystic duct to common bile duct to ampulla of vater to major papilla

Question 50

What is obstructive jaundice?

Answer 50

-caused by obstruction of common bile duct -d/t gallstones or pancreatic cancer (tumor) -result: retention of bile---pigment stains sclera yellow

Question 51

What is cirrhosis (chronic liver disease)?

Answer 51

-caused by alcohol toxicity, viral infection, or autoimmune disease -incr production of fibrocollagenous tissue leads ti irregular scarring -result: destruction of portal system connections

Question 52

What does surgical removal of the gallbladder result in?

Answer 52

6 months of constant bile drip into duodenum

Question 53

What are gallstones?

Answer 53

-form in the gallbladder or biliary tree (all bile duct) presents as RUQ pain or shoulder pain -bile duct with gallstones----obstructive jaundice -cystic duct with gallstones---cholecystitis

Question 54

The hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater can be found in which segment of the duodenum? a. Horizontal b. Descending c. Ascending d. Superior

Answer 54

b

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true of the lesser omentum? a. It forms the hepatoduodenal ligament b. It is located anterior to the stomach c. It connects to the transverse colon d. It derives the innervation to abdominopelvic wall

Answer 55

a

Question 56

What is the bare area of the liver? a. Visceral surface without peritoneum b. Diaphragmatic surface with peritoneum c. Visceral surface with peritoneum d. Diaphragmatic surface without peritoneum

Answer 56

d

Question 57

What part of the stomach connects to the esophagus at the esophagogastric junction? a. Pylorus b. Antrum (body) c. Cardia d. Lesser curvature

Answer 57

c

Question 58

What is the main blood supply to the stomach? a. Celiac trunk b. Superior mesenteric artery c. Inferior mesenteric artery d. Arcades arteries

Answer 58

A

Question 59

Which statement accurately defines the epiploic (omental) foramen? a. Space that separates the components of the lesser omentum b. Space that separates the components of the greater omentum c. Opening between the lesser and greater peritoneal sac d. Superior recess of lesser peritoneal sac

Answer 59

c

Question 60

Which of the following best describes the hepatoduodenal ligament? A. It is derived from the dorsal mesentery B. It's a continuation of the greater omentum C. It's a continuation of the lesser omentum D. It connects the stomach to the liver

Answer 60

C

Question 61

What is the 1st part of the stomach that is immediately adjacent to the esophagus?

Answer 61

Cardia

Question 62

On Exam for the past 2 years: Which ligament suspends the liver from the diaphragm?

Answer 62

Coronary ligament

Question 63

A patient walks into the ER complaining of shoulder pain. After a few tests, it was found that the patient has gallstones in their cystic duct and it is obstructed, what could be their diagnosis?

Answer 63

Cholecystitis (obstructive jaundice would be the diagnosis if it was the bile duct)

Question 64

Which of the following describes heptoduodenal ligament? a. greater omentum b.lesser omentum c. lesser sac d. greater sac

Answer 64

b