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Anatomy > Lec4PosteriorAbdominalWall > Flashcards

Lec4PosteriorAbdominalWall Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the sympathetic innervation of the diaphragm come from?

A

Sympathetic trunk

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2
Q

Where does the parasympathetic innervation of the diaphragm come from?

A

Vagus nerve (CN 10)

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3
Q

Appendix pain (appendicitis) can be felt as ______ pain

A

umbilicus (belly button)

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4
Q

If you damage or irritate diaphram, you can feel pain where and why can you feel it there?

A

Shoulder because phrenic nerve comes from C3,4,5 and nerves from each one of those can provide innervation to shoulder/arm region

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5
Q

What is hiatal hernia?

A

A part of the stomach moves backwards into the esophagus due to a weak esophageal sphincter (right crus tendon)

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6
Q

The posterior abdominal wall receives innervation from

A

lumbar plexus (L1-L4)

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7
Q

What are the branches off the abdominal aorta which supplies the abdomen

A

Celiac trunk (common hepatic a, splenic a, left gastric a)
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Inferior Mesenteric Artery

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8
Q

What are the posterior abdominal wall muscles?

A

quadratus lumborum, psoas major and minor, ilacus

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9
Q

What is the PA and DA of the quadratus lumborum?

A

PA: supero-medial border of rib 12
lumbar transverse processes
DA: iliolumbar ligament
internal lip of ilac crest

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

A

ventral primary rami (T12-L4)

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11
Q

Quadratus lumborum is _____ to psoas maj+min and _____ to kidney

A

lateral, posterior

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12
Q

What is the PA and DA of the psoas major and minor?

A

PA: vertebrae + intervertebral discs T12-L5
DA: lesser trochanter (femur)

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the posas major and minor?

A

ventral primary rami (L1-L3)

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14
Q

What is the PA and DA of iliacus?

A

PA: sup 2/3 iliac fossa
DA: lesser trochanter femur

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the ilacus?

A

femoral nerve (L2-4)

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16
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

a dome shaped muscle arranged radially around a central tendon

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17
Q

What 3 parts is the diaphragm divided into

A

sternal part: post. surface of xiphoid process
costal part: inner costal cartilage and arcuate ligaments
lumbar part: right and left crural (tendons)

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18
Q

What are the diaphragm openings (hiatus) (hint: they run with the diaphragm)?

A

IVC (and phrenic n) T8
Esophagus (and vagus n) T10
Aorta T12

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19
Q

What are the arcuate ligaments and what do they pass over?

A

medial arcuate ligament: passes over posas major m
lateral arcuate ligament: passes over quadratus lumborum m

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20
Q

What is crura?

A

tendinous structures

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21
Q

What crura do we have and what do they wrap around?

A

right crus: wraps around esophageal hiatus (to act as esophageal sphincter)
left crus: wraps around aortic hiatus

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22
Q

The diaphragm receives innvervation from what two nervous system and what exact nerve?

A

Sympathetic=sympatheic trunk
Parasympathetic= vagus nerve (CNX)

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23
Q

The sympathetic innervation to the diaphragm comes from what region, the ganglia is located where, and provides what type of response?

A

comes from thoracolumbar region
ganglia is located along either side of the spine
provides fight or flight response

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24
Q

The parasympathetic innervation to the diaphragm comes from what region, the ganglia is located where, and provides what type of response?

A

comes from craniosacral region
ganglia is located in organs and tissues
provides rest and digest response

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25
Q

Each nerve has what type of nerve fibers?

A

afferent and efferent

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26
Q

Sensory innervations have ______ fibers and conduct signals from ______ to _______.

A

afferent, stimuli, brain

27
Q

Motor innervations to the diaphragm have ______ fibers and conduct signals from ______ to _______.

A

efferent, brain, muscle

28
Q

Diaphragm pain can be felt as _____ pain due to its innervation by ______ nerve at spinal level C__,___,____

A

shoulder, phrenic, 3,4,5

29
Q

Appendix pain (appendicitis) can be felt as _____ pain

A

umbilicus (belly button)

30
Q

The diaphragm has arterial supply from what two surfaces?

A

Thoracic and abdominal surfaces

31
Q

What arteries are in the thoracic surface of the diaphragm?

A

Pericardiophrenic art, musculophrenic art. brs, sup phrenic art. (off thoracic art.)

32
Q

What arteries are in the abdominal surface of the diaphragm?

A

inferior phrenic art.
1st pair of art, off abdominal aorta

33
Q

What are the branches of the lumbar plexus providing innervation to post. abd. wall?

A

Shit I immediately got lost following our anatomy lecture

Subcostal, Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal, Genitofemoral (sup to psoas m.), Lateral cutaneous, Femoral (lateral to psos major), Obturator (medial to psoas major), acessory obturator, lumbosacral trunk

34
Q

Which aorta supplies the abdomen?

A

abdominal aorta

35
Q

What are the paired arteries off the abdominal aorta?

A

Inferior phrenic artery, renal+suprarenal (adrenal) arteries, gonadal arteries

36
Q

The aorta bifurcates off into what artery? And that can be split into what other arteries?

A

Aorta to common iliac artery which splits into external and internal iliac arteries

37
Q

What is the general path of venous drainage of the abdomen?

A

IVC, common iliac vein, external and internal ilaic veins

38
Q

Which vein drains the abdomen

A

IVC

39
Q

What are the paired vein off the IVC

A

renal and gonadal (testicular/ovarial) veins

40
Q

What veins are involved in the drainage on the right side of the post. ab wall?

A

right renal vein (to IVC)
right testicular vein (to IVC)

41
Q

What veins are involved in the drainage on the left side of the post ab. wall?

A

left renal vein (to IVC)
left testicular vein (to left renal vein to IVC)

42
Q

The right kidney is lower due to

A

the liver

43
Q

The kidneys are what type of organs?

A

retroperitoneal (covered only one 1 side, in this case anterior side)

44
Q

What is on the anterior and posterior surface of the kidneys?

A

anterior: parietal peritoneum
posterior: posterior abdominal wall

45
Q

What muscles and nerves can be found in the posterior surface of the kidney?

A

quadratus lumborum muscle
subcostal nerve
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve

46
Q

What is the arterial supply for the kidney?

A

right and left renal arteries (off ab. aorta)
branches off renal arteries and supplies all 5 lobes of the kidney

47
Q

What is the venous drainage of the kidney?

A

Right and left renal veins (off IVC)

48
Q

Which veins receives blood from the testicular vein exclusively?

A

Left renal vein

49
Q

What is the kidney ureter and how does it travel?

A

A vessel that carries urine from kidneys to bladder
Travels OVER the external iliac vessels (art and veins)
Travels UNDER the vas deferens (male) or uterine arteries (female)

50
Q

Name the structures of the kidneys and specify what they are/do exactly

A

capsule: CT covering
cortex: outer layer
medulla: inner layer
renal papilla: opening in minor calyx for urine
renal sinus: cavity containing calyx and b.v.
minor calyx: duct collecting urine—forms major
major calyx: duct collecting urine from minor
ureter: carries urine to bladder

51
Q

The suprarenal (adrenal gland) is what type of organ?

A

retroperitoneal

52
Q

The suprarenal (adrenal gland) is comprosed of what two layers?

A

Cortex (outer layer)
Medulla (inner layer)-only sympatheic innervation

53
Q

The right adrenal gland is located where?

A

Behind the bare area of the liver

54
Q

The left adrenal gland is located where?

A

facing the omental bursa

55
Q

Which of the following structures passes through the indicated hiatus?
a. Aorta
b. Esophagus
c. Inferior vena cava
d. Phrenic nerve

A

b

56
Q

Development of kidney stones(calculi)can result in intense pain. This is because the calculus can become lodged in the indicated renal structure. Identify this structure:
a. Ureter
b. Renal papilla
c. Major calyx
d. Minor calyx

A

c

57
Q

Regarding posterior abdominal wall muscles, which of the following statements is
true?
a. The medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm passes anterior to psoas
major
b. The iliacus muscle originates from the thoracic vertebrae
c. The psoas major runs lateral to the quadratus lumborum
d. The quadratus lumborum covers the anterior surface of the kidney

A

a

58
Q

What is the correct order of venous drainage of the abdominal wall?
a. Left renal vein, left gonadal vein, inferior vena cava
b. Superior vena cava, right and left renal veins
c. Right gonadal vein, right renal vein, superior vena cava
d. Left gonadal vein, left renal vein, inferior vena cava

A

d

59
Q

You have a kidney transplant and the posterior abdominal wall is damaged. Which of the following nerves is affected?
A. Subcostal
B. Lateral Cutaneous
C. Lumboscacral
D. Genitofemoral

A

A

60
Q

Which of the following nerves does NOT pass laterally to the posterior aspect of
the kidney?
a. Iliohypogastric
b. Ilioinguinal
c. Genitofemoral
d. Subcostal

A

c

61
Q

Kidney stones (calculi) form in the kidneys and pass into what structure

A

ureters

62
Q

Kidney stones causes blockages in where?

A

renal calyx and uretur

63
Q

Kidney stone pain is often referred as “loin to groin” meaning that the referred pain in located between what vertebrae?

A

T11-L2

Anatomy (13 decks)

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