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Anatomy > Exam3Lec4/5EyeandEar > Flashcards

Exam3Lec4/5EyeandEar Flashcards

1
Q

What is the orbit?

A

“eye socket” made up of 6 bones

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2
Q

What are the 6 bones of the orbit?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Sphenoud
  3. Zygomatic
  4. Maxillary
  5. Lacrimal
  6. Ethmoid
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3
Q

What are the eyelid structures?

A
  1. orbiularis oculi m.
  2. Levator palpabrae superioris (LPS) m.
  3. Inferior tarsal plate (tarsus)
  4. Tarsal gland
  5. Lacrimal grand
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4
Q

What does the orbicularis oculi m. do?

A

closes eyelid

impt

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5
Q

What does the levator palpabrae superioris (LPS) m. do and what is its innervation?

A

open eyelid
inn: oculomoter n. (CNIII=3)

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6
Q

What does the inferior tarsal plate (tarsus) do?

A

gives eyelid strength

not high yield

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7
Q

What does the tarsal gland do?

A

helps keep the eye moist

low yield

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8
Q

What does the lacrimal gland do? What is its location and its release pathway?

A

secretes the fluid swept across the eye
Location: supero-lateral
Pathway: Punctum, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, lacromcal duct

high yield

helps produce tears

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9
Q

What are the external structures of the eye?

A
  1. Sclera: whites of the eyes, continues w/ cornea
  2. Cornea: transparent part of the eye, covers iris + pupil
  3. Iris: eye color
  4. Pupil: black hole w/in iris
  5. Conjunctiva: internal lining of the eyelid, covers sclera
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10
Q

What are the interal structures of they eye?

A
  1. choroid: middle eye (vascular) layer
  2. Retina: inner eye layer
  3. Fovea (macula): area of greatest visual acuity
    contains only cones, giving us color vision
  4. Optic disk: blind spot (where optic n. enters)
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11
Q

What can be seen on the “anterior” aspect of the eye?

A

Covered by the orbicularis oculi m (eyelid)
Contains the** trochlea**=cartilage on the frontal bone of the orbit (eye socket)
location: supero-medial
fxn: attachment site for the superior oblique m

contains brs from trigeminal n. (CNV-5)–> supraorbiral n. (V1) +supratrochelar n. (V1) + infraorbital n (V2)

-trochlea fxn and cadaver image is high yield
-note for the nerves, these are just housed in socket, and provied innervation to the orbit, not the muscles
-V1=opthalmic br
-V2: maxillary br

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12
Q

What can be seen on the “superior” aspect of the eye?

A
  1. Levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) m.: most sup.
  2. Superior rectus m.: deep to LPS
  3. Medial + Lateral rectus m.: inferior to the superior rectus
  4. Superior Oblique m.: deep to superior rectus–> runs throough the trochlea

all the rectus muscles connect to a common tendinous ring
these are just to give us idea where they are so we can identify in the cadaver image

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13
Q

What is the arterial suppy for the eye?

A

Internal carotid artery—> opthalmic artery (has 6 branches)

very low yield

only the scalp+ eye have arterial supply from the internal carotid artery, everything else is either external carotid or subclavian artery

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14
Q

What are the 6 branches of the opthalmic artery?

A

1. Supraorbital art.
2. Supratrochlear art.
3. Lacrimal art.
4. Ethmoidal art.
5. Anterior + Posterior Ciliary art.
6. Doral Nasal art.

only 1 and 2 we talked about

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15
Q

What innervates the eye?

A
  1. Optic n. (CN II=2)
  2. Oculomotor n. (CN III=3)
  3. Trochlear n. (CN IV=4)
  4. Abducens n. (CN VI =6)
  5. Ciliary ganglia–>short ciliary n.
  6. Long ciliary n.

the trigeminal n. (CN=5) gives off the opthalmic br (V1) which inn the eye orbit and NOT the actual eye muscles

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16
Q

Optic n. (CN II=2)

A

sensory (sight)

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17
Q

Oculomotor n. (CN III=3)

A

innervation to
superior eye=LPS +superior rectus m.
Inferior eye= medial rectus + inferior rectus + inferior oblique m

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18
Q

Trochlear n. (CN IV=4)

A

innervation to superior oblique m.

note that damage to this (trochlear nerve palsy) can cause torticollis

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19
Q

Abducens n. (CN VI =6)

A

innervation to lateral rectus m.

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20
Q

Ciliary ganglia–>short ciliary n.

A

innervation to Ciliary body + iris
Provides sympathetic + parasympatheic inn

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21
Q

Long ciliary n.

A

innervates cornea, iris, dilator pupillae
* provides symp inn to pupil
* provides sensory inn to cornea + iris

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22
Q

What are the eye muscles?

A
  1. Levator palpabrae superioris (LPS)
  2. Superior oblique
  3. Inferior oblique
  4. Inferior rectus
  5. Medial rectus
  6. Lateral rectus

know all muscles, innervation, and action

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23
Q

What is the innervation and action of LPS?

A

Inn: oculmotor n. (CN3=3) superior division
actions: elevation of superior eyelid

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24
Q

What is the innervation and action of superior oblique?

A

Inn: trochelar n. (CN4)
actions: abduction + depression

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25
Q

What is the innervation and action of inferior oblique?

A

Inn: oculomotor n. (CN 3) inferior division
actions: abduction + elevation

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26
Q

What is the innervation and action of superior rectus?

A

Inn: oculomotor n. (CN 3) superior division
actions: adduction + elevation

27
Q

What is the innervation and action of inferior rectus?

A

Inn: oculomotor n. (CN 3) inferior division
actions: adduction + depression

28
Q

What is the innervation and action of medial rectus?

A

Inn: oculomotor n. (CN 3)
actions: adduction

29
Q

What is the innervation and action of lateral rectus?

A

Inn: abducens n. (CN 6)
actions: abduction

only rectus that abducts

30
Q

The ear is separated into what three parts?

A

external ear, middle ear, inner ear

31
Q

What is contained in the external ear?

A

auricle + external acoustic meatus

no cadaver photos

32
Q

How does the external ear send vibrations?

A

Send it to the tympanic mem, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea

33
Q

What is contained in the middle ear?

A
  1. malleus (hammer)-> incus (anvil)-> stapes (stirrup)
    -bones of the middle ear magnify virbration (sound)
  2. tympanic membrane: ear drum
    -splits into 2-> pars flaccida + pars tensa
  3. Oval window: receives vibrations from stapes
  4. Round window: stops vibrations from rebounding
  5. Tensor Tympani m.: reduces/dampens vibration
    -inn: mandibular br. (trigeminal n. CN V-3)
    Location: petrous part of the temporal bone
    has br of facial n. CN VII =7)–> chorda tympani

number 5, is a low yield muscle, most likely no cadaver photo
facial nerve point is high yield, but no cadaver photo

34
Q

What is contained in the inner ear?

A
  • Bony labyrinth (w/ perilymph) & Membranous (w/ endolymoh)
  • Cochlea: hearing
  • Semicircular canals: motion + rotational sense

first point is high yield

35
Q

What innervates the ear?

A

CN VII (7): facial n
CNVIII(8): vestibulocochlear n

both nerves travel in the internal acoustis meatus ( of the post cranial fossa)

36
Q

What does CN VII (7): facial n. branch off to and travel?

A

brs, into chorda tympani–> travels through the tympanic membrane (ear drum)

37
Q

What are the division of CN VIII (8): vestibulocochlear n?

A
  • Vestibular division: for balance, gaze & acceleration
  • Cochlear division: for hearing

very high yield

38
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Lacrimal gland

low yield

39
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Lower punctum

low yield

40
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Upper canaliculus

high yield

41
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Lower canaliculus

high yield

42
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Lacrimal sac

high yield

43
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Nasolacrimal sac

high yield

44
Q

What is this structure?

A

orbicularis oculi muscle

45
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Tarsus

low yield

46
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Tarsal glands

low yield

47
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

cornea

high yield

48
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

iris

high yield

49
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

pupil

high yield

50
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

sclera

low yield

51
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

conjunctiva

low yield

52
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

trochlea

high yield

53
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

54
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Superior oblique muscle

55
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

inferior oblique muscle

56
Q

What are these arrows pointing to?

A

Lateral, medial, superior rectus muscles

57
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

inferior rectus muscle

58
Q

What is this structure?

A

tympanic cavity

low yield

59
Q

What is this structure?

A

tympanic membrane

low yield

60
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

oval window

low yield

61
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

round window

low yield

62
Q

What is this structure?

A

malleus

high yield

63
Q

What is this structure?

A

incus

high yield

64
Q

What is this structure?

A

stapedius tendon

low yield

Anatomy (13 decks)

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