Exam3Lec2DeepNeck Flashcards
What are the anterior muscles of the deep neck?
rectus capitis anterior and lateralis, longus capitis, longus coli
What is the location, innervation, and actions of the rectus capitis anterior & lateralis?
Location: occipital bone–> C1 (atlas)
Innervation: C1,2
Actions: flex the head
What is the location, innervation, and actions of the longus capitis?
Location: occipital bone–> cervical vertebrae
Innervation:C1-3
Actions: flex the head
What is the longus capitis superior to?
longus coli
What is the location, innervation, and actions of the longus coli?
Location: ant to the cervical vertebrae
Innervation: C2-6
Actions: flex the head, rotate the neck
What are the lateral muscles of the deep neck?
anterior scalene, middle scalene, posteror scalene
What is the location, innervation, and actions of the anterior scalene?
Location: transverse processes (C3-6)–> rib 1
Innervation: C4-6
Actions: flex the head + neck
What is the location, innervation, and actions of the middle scalene?
Location: posterior tubercle (C5-7)–> rib2
Innervation:n/a
Actions: flex the head + neck, elevate the ribs
What is the location, innervation, and actions of the posterior scalene?
Location: posterior tubercle (C5-7)—>rib2
Innervation: n/a
Actions: Flex the head + neck, elevate the ribs
What is the posterior tubercle?
POSTERIOR PART OF TRANSVERSE PROCESS
Which muscles contribute to the flexion of the head?
rectus capitis anterior, recuts capitis lateralis, longus capitis, anterior/middle/posterior scalenes
Which muscles contribute to the flexion of the neck?
anterior/middle/posterior scalenes
Which muscles contribute to the rotation of the neck?
longus coli
The pre-vertebral muscles are covered by what?
Pre-vertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia
What are the contents of the scalene triangle?
phrenic nerve (C3-5)
roots of the brachial plexus
subclavian artery
brachiocephalic vein–> subclavian vein
Which structures that are in the scalene triangle is located anterior to the anterior scalene muscle?
brachiocephalic vein + subclavian vein are anterior to the ant. scalene
Which structures that are in the scalene triangle is located posterior to the anterior scalene muscle?
the phrenic nerve + brachial plexus + subclavian artery are posterior to the ant. scalene
The deep neck is supplies by branches of the subclavian artery. What are the branches?
Vit C & D
Vertebral artery
Internal Thoracic Artery
Thyrocervical trunk
How does the vertebral artery run and what does it supply
It enters the transverse foramen + passes post to C1
It supplies the medulla + cerebellum +spinal cord
How does the internal thoracic artery run?
passes inferior to the thorax
What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
Inferior thyroid artery–> thyroid, esophagus, larynx, trachea, parathyroid glands, neck muscles
ascending cervical artery–> lateral neck muscles. Passes through the intervertebral foramen (w/spinal nerves)
suprascapula artery–>shoulder region + SCM
cervical dorsal artery
Where does the sympathetic innervation of deep neck come from?
sympathetic trunk and phrenic nerve (C 3,4,5)
What does the sympathetic trunk give off?
The sympathetic trunk gives cervical ganglia to cervical plexus (of nerves).
Superior ganglia, middle ganglia , inferior ganglia (forms stellate ganglia w/ thoracic ganglia)
The phrenic nerve starts at which muscle and where is the phrenic nerve located?
Starts lateral to the ant. scalene m–> then descends anterior to the ant. scalene m then descends ant to the ant scalene m
located b/n the subclavian artery+ vein
Where does the parasympathetic innervation of deep neck come from?
high yield
vagus nerve (CNX=10) forms recurrent laryngeal nerves
What are the branches of the vagus nerve that innervate the deep neck?
right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops inf, to the right subclavian artery (@T1,2)
left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops inf. to the aortic arch (@T4,5)
Where does the vagus nerve run through?
runs through the carotid sheath (pre tracheal layer of deep cervical fascia)
What are the glands of the deep neck?
thyroid gland, parathyroid gland
What is the thyroid gland and its location?
most anterior structure
lies antero-lateral to the trachea
thyroid material may be found in the foramen cecum
What is the thyroid gland covered by?
pre-tracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
What is the parathyroid gland and its location?
4 glands–> 2 on the right, 2 on the left
—right superior + inferior glands
—left superior + inferior glands
embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland (this is high yield)
What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the thyroid and parathyroid?
superior thyroid artery (off external carotid a.)
inferior thyroid artery (off thyrocervical trunk=subclavian a)
venous drainage=thyroid plexus (of veins)
What is the innervation and lymphatics of the thyroid and parathyroid?
innervation=cervical ganglia—> vasomotor fibers
lymphatics= prelayngeal + pre/para-tracheal lymph nodes
low yield
Larynx is composed of _______+________
cartilage, muscle
What does the laryngeal cartilage do?
produce sound/speech
What are the laryngeal cartilages?
thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage , arytenoid cartilage
What are the paired structures of the laryngeal cartilage?
corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage, arytenoid cartilage
Where does the anterior and posterior vocal folds attach to?
ant. vocal fold attaches to laryngeal cartilage
post vocal fold attaches to laryngeal muscle (arytenoids)
Laryngeal muscles are called “arytenoids” , what are they?
lateral criciarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, thyroarytenoid, cricothyroid, oblique arytenoid, transverse arytenoid
What do the lateral cricoarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and thyroarytenoid do?
lateral cricoarytenoid=ADductor–close vocal folds
posterior cricoarytenoid=ABductor–open vocal folds
thyroarytenoid= relax vocal fold–lower pitch + length
What do the cricothyroid, oblique arytenoid, and transverse arytenoid do?
cricothyroid=tense vocal folds–incr pitch + length
oblique arytenoid=approximate vocal folds
transverse arytenoid= approximate vocal folds
What are the muscles that bring vocal folds together (for phonation)
lateral cricoarytenoids=adductors
transverse arytenoiuds=approximators
oblique arytenoids=approximators
What are the muscles that separate vocal folds?
posterior cricoarytenoids=ABductors
What are the muscles that lengthen +tense vocal folds?
cricothyroid
What are the muscles that shorten + relax vocal folds?
thyroarytenoid
What is the vascularization of the larynx?
-external carotid artery–>superior thyroid artery–>superior laryngeal artery and cricothyroid artery
-thyrocervical trunk–>inferior thyroid artery–> inferior laryngeal artery
-superior laryngeal vein –> superior thyroid vein–> internal jugular vein (IJV)
-inferior laryngeal vein–> inferior thyroid vein–> left brachiochephalic
What is the innervation of the larynx?
Vagus nerve CNX=10
superior laryngeal nerve-innervates cricithyroid m.
recurrent laryngeal nerve —> inferior laryngeal nerve–> innervates all laryngeal muscles (expect cricothyroid)
The pharynx is divided into 3 regions, what are they and what do they contain?
- Nasopharynx: contains the small palate
- Oropharynx: contains uvula sup. + mid pharyngeal contrictor, epiglottis
- Laryngopharynx: contains the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
What are the muscles of the pharynx?
Superior pharyngeal constrictor, middle pharyngeal constrictor, inferior pharyngeal constrictor
What is the innervation to the constrictor muscles?
vagus nerve
What is the region, PA, and DA of the SUPERIOR pharyngeal constrictor?
region= oropharynx
PA= pterygoid hamulus + ptergomandibular rape
DA= post. midline pharyngeal rape + occipital bone
What is the region, PA, and DA of the MIDDLE pharyngeal constrictor?
region= oropharynx
PA= styloid ligament + hyoid bone
DA= pharyngeal rape
What is the region, PA, and DA of the INFERIOR pharyngeal constrictor?
region= laryngopharynx
PA=thyroid cartilage + cricoid cartilage
DA= pharyngo-esophogeal junction
What are the misc. pharyngeal muscles?
stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
What is the PA and innervation of the stylopharyngeus?
PA: styloid process
Innervation: glossopharyngeal n (CN IX=9)
What is the PA and innervation of the salpingopharyngeus?
PA: pharyngotympanic tube
Innervation: vagus n (CN X=10)
What is the PA and innervation of the palatopharyngeus?
PA: hard palate
Innervation: vagus n. (CN X=10)
What is a tracheostomy?
procedure performed b/w the 2nd and 4th tracheal rings
What is the innervation to the constrictor muscles?
vagus nerve
What is this arrow pointing to?
thyroid gland
What is the structure pictured?
thyroid gland
What is this arrow pointing to?
parathyroid glands
What is this arrow pointing to?
Cricothyroid muscle
What is this arrow pointing to?
Crico-arytenoid muscle (posterior)
What is this arrow pointing to?
Crico-arytenoid muscle (lateral)
What is this arrow pointing to?
Thyro-arytenoid muscle
What is this arrow pointing to?
Transverse arytenoid muscle
What is this arrow pointing to?
Superior constrictor
What is this arrow pointing to?
Middle constrictor
What is this arrow pointing to?
Inferior constrictor
What is this arrow pointing to?
Stylopharyngeus
What is this arrow pointing to?
Styloglossus
