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Anatomy > Lec2HeartandPericardium > Flashcards

Lec2HeartandPericardium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Compartment within thorax extending from superior thoracic aperture to diaphragm and sternum to thoracic vertebrae

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2
Q

What is contained within the mediastinum?

A

Everything inside of the thoracic cavity except the lungs and its pleura

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3
Q

The mediastinum can be divided into what 5 compartments?

A

Superior, inferior (anterior, middle, posterior)

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4
Q

The sternal angle (angle of louis) extends posteriorly at which thoracic vertebrae

A

T4/5

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5
Q

The sternal angle (angle of louis) divides what?

A

Superior and inferior compartments as the transverse thoracic plane

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6
Q

What is the mnemonic for the superior division of the mediastinum and what does is contain?

A

TASTE The Little Rainbow
Thymus, Arch of aorta, SVC, Trachea, Esophagus, Thoracic Duct, Left Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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7
Q

What is the mnemonic for the anterior division of the mediastinum and what does is contain?

A

TLC
Thymus (remnants), Lymph nodes, Fat and Connective Tissue

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8
Q

What is the mnemonic for the middle division of the mediastinum and what does is contain?

A

AARP
Pericardium, Heart, Main primary bronchi
Arch of Azygos, Roots of great vessles, Phrenic nerve

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9
Q

What is the mnemonic for the posterior division of the mediastinum and what does is contain?

A

DEATH
Duct (thoracic)
Esophagus
Aorta (Thoracic)
azygos+ Hemiazygos veins

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10
Q

What is the route of venous drainage in the mediatstinum?

A

Hemi-azygous drains into, azygous vein, SVC

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11
Q

The apex of the heart is located within where?

A

The 5th intercostal space

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12
Q

The heart is surrounded by connective tissue:

A

Fibrous pericardium=outermost layer
Serous pericardium=inner layers

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13
Q

The serous pericardium contains what?

A

Parietal (lines the pericardial cavity)
Visceral (covers the heart directly)

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14
Q

What structures can we see on the anterior side of the heart?

A

IVC and SVC that drains into RA
Pulmonary Vein that drains into LA

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15
Q

The oblique (pericardial) sinus is bordered by

A

(oliver pushed veronica and issac) PULMONARY VEINS + IVC

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16
Q

The transverse (pericardial) sinus is bordered

A

(terrific amazing ants possums probably suck) ANTERIORLY by AORTA + PULMONARY TRUNK and POSTERIORLY by SVC

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17
Q

What structures can we see on the posterior side of the heart?

A
  1. Coronary sinus (drains into RA)
  2. Oblique (pericardial) sinus
  3. Transverse (pericardial) sinus
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18
Q

What is the main structure that drains the heart itslef?

A

Coronary sinus and returns blood to RA

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19
Q

What is the path of heart circulation and note if it carries deoxy or oxy blood.

A

carries deoxy blood from heart to lungs: CS+ IVC+SVC to RA goes through tricuspid valve to RV goes though Pulmonary valve to Pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxy blood to lungs .

Carries oxy blood from lungs back to heart: Pulmonary veins to LA, goes through bicuspid “mitral” valve to LV, goes though Aortic valve to Aorta.

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20
Q

What is the arterial supply of the heart and what does it drain into?

A

right coronary artery into RV
left coronary artery in LV

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21
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

SA nodal branch
Right marginal artery
Right posterior interventricular artery (PDA)

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22
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery

A

Left anterior interventricular artery (LAD)
Left circumflex artery (that branches into)
Left marginal artery

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23
Q

True or False: The coronary circulation of the heart has multiple variations, but most people are normal

A

true

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24
Q

What is the “widowmaker” vein in the heart? And why is it impt?

A

left anterior interventricular (LAD). If this vein was damaged or blocked it can lead to a heart attack

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25
Q

What is the general flow of venous drainage of the heart?

A

veins of heart to coronary sinus (located posterior) to RA

26
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

27
Q

What are two important veins of the heart and what do they run with?

A

(Lad you are great, PDA is so mid)
Great cardiac vein runs with LAD
Middle cardiac vein runs with PDA

28
Q

The right atrium consists of what areas?

A

smooth area: interior of atrium
rough area: pectinate muscle

29
Q

What is the structure that divides the rough and smooth area of the right atrium?

A

crista terminale

30
Q

What is the pectinate muscle unique to?

A

Right atrium

31
Q

What is the blood flow of the RA

A

SVC_IVS+CS brings deoxy blood into RA, RA drains through tricuspid valve , then enters RV

32
Q

What are the structure of the right atrium?

A

Right auricle: remnant of the atrium
fossa ovale: thin wall between the RA and LA

33
Q

The RV walls consists of

A

trabeculae carnae

34
Q

What is the blood flow of the RV (during diastole)

A

RA-tricuspid valve-RV-pulmonary trunk

35
Q

The tricuspid valve has 3 leaflets /valvular cusps and they are attached to

A

chordae tendinae
3 papillary muscles: anterior, medial, posterior

36
Q

What are the structures of the right ventricle?

A

chordae tendinae: attach each valve/leaflet/cusp to papillary muscles
moderator band: attaches ventricular septum to anterior papillary muscle

37
Q

What structure is unique to RV

A

moderator band

38
Q

Each valve/cusp/leaflet has chordae tendinae and will attach….

A

each valve/cusp/leaflet to all 3 papillary muscles

39
Q

The left atrium in mostly smooth or rough area?

A

smooth

40
Q

What is the blood flow of the LA?

A

pulmonary veins bring oxy blood to LA-bicuspid(mitral) valve-LV

41
Q

What are the structures of the LA?

A

left auricle: remnant of the atrium

42
Q

The walls of LV consists of what?

A

trabeculae carnae

43
Q

What is the blood flow of LV (during diastole)

A

LA-biscuspid valve-LV-aorta

44
Q

The bicuspid (AV) valve has 2 leaflets. These leaflets are attached to

A

chordae tendinae
2 papillary muscles= anterior + posterior

45
Q

What are the structures of the LV?

A

chordae tendineae= attach to papillary muscle

46
Q

What forms the apex of the heart?

A

LV

47
Q

What are the atrio-ventricular (AV) valves of the heart and how many leaflets do they have?

A

Tricuspid: 3 leaflets
Bicuspid (mitral): 2 leaflets

48
Q

What are the 2 additional valves of the heart (besides AV valves) and how many leaflets do they have?

A

Aortic valve-3 leaflets (right, left, post)——AP
Pulmonary Valve-3 leaflets (right, left, ant)—–PA

49
Q

What is systole?

A

ventricles are CONTRACTING-heart is pumping blood

50
Q

What is diastole?

A

ventricles are RELAXING- heart is filling up with blood

51
Q

What are the valves doing during systole?

A

AV valves are closed while aortic and pulmonary valves are open

52
Q

What are the valves doing during diastole?

A

AV valves open, while aortic and pulmonary valves are closed

53
Q

What is the normal conduction of the heart?

A

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His (AV bundle), Right + left bundle brs, subendo brs.

54
Q

The SA node starts in the ____ and this signals AV node in ___–

A

RA, RV

55
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

56
Q

Which of the following make up the borders of the oblique (pericardial) sinus?
a. Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
b. Pulmonary trunk and aorta
c. Pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava
d. Aorta and pulmonary veins

A

C

57
Q

What is the correct order of the conduction system of the heart?
a. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches
b. AV node, SA node, AV bundle, subendocardial branches
c. SA node, AV bundle, AV node, subendocardial branches
d. AV node, AV bundle, SA node, right and left bundle branches

A

a

58
Q

All of the following statements are true about the left ventricle EXCEPT:
a. The walls are mostly trabeculae carnae
b. It has anterior and posterior papillary muscles
c. It forms the apex of the heart
d. Each valve leaflet receives chordae tendineae from one papillary muscle

A

d

59
Q

Which of the following is responsible for venous drainage of the heart?
a. Superior vena cava
b. Inferior vena cava
c. Great cardiac vein
d. Coronary sinus

A

d

60
Q

The _____ delivers deoxygenated blood and ______ delivers oxygenated blood.
a. Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
b. IVC and pulmonary arteries
c. Aorta and SVC
d. Pulmonary veins and aorta

A

a

Anatomy (13 decks)

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