Lec1ThoracicWallandLungs Flashcards
What is the bony support for the thoracic wall and lungs?
thorax=sternum+ribs+thoracic vertebrae
What are the 4 muscles attached to the ribs?
External intercostals, internal intercostals, transverse thoracis, subcostalis
What is the arterial supply for the thoracic wall and lungs?
subclavian art—interntal thoracic art
axillary art-lateral thoracic art
The breast is located in the thoracic wall and consists of what?
glandular tissue, ducts, adipose tissue (fat)
What is the arterial supply for the breast?
subclavian art—interntal thoracic art-medial mammary
axillary art-lateral thoracic art-lateral mammary
What is the lymphatic drainage of the breast (generally)?
sentinel lymph node
What is the MAJOR lymph node of the breast?
Axillary lymph node
The thoracic wall is formed by what bones?
clavicle, scapula, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, ribs
What makes up the thoracic cavity (rib cage)?
sternum, thoracic vertebrae, ribs
What is the location of the thoracic wall?
superior thoracic aperture to inferior thoracic aperture
What is the sternum structure?
jugular notch, manubrium sternal angle(angle of louis), body, xiphoid process
The manubrium is attached to which rib?
rib 1
The angle of louis is attached to which rib?
rib 2
Ribs (1-7) are what type of ribs?
True ribs
Ribs 8-10 are what type of ribs?
false ribs
Ribs 11,12 are what type of ribs?
Free (floating) ribs
Where does ribs 1-7 attach to?
Directly to body of sternum
Where does ribs 8-10 attach to?
Indirectly to body of sternum
Where does ribs 11,12 attach to?
does not attach to sternum at all
The costal groove of the rib is located where?
Between internal intercostals muscle and innermost intercostal muscle
What does the costal groove contain/ what runs in it?
Intercostal vein, artery, nerve
What does rib 1 look like?
Flattened superior to inferior (like a pancake)
The groove for the subclavian vein on rib 1 is anterior or posterior?
anterior
The groove for the subclavian artery on rib 1 is anterior or posterior?
posterior
Which muscle is attached to rib 1 between the subclavian vein and artery
anterior scalene muscle
Are the pectoralis major/minor, serratus anteriorior involved in respiration?
NO
Where does the pectoralis major attach to?
clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 2-6
Where does the pectoralis minor attach to?
anterior surface of ribs 3-5
Where does the serratus anterior attach to?
lateral surface of ribs 1-8
Which muscles are involved in inspiration?
internal intercostals
external intercostals
diaphragm
75% of breathing is from what muscle?
diaphragm
Which muscles are involved in expiration?
Internal intercostals
Transverse thoracis
subcostalis
How do the fibers of the EXTERNAL intercostals run?
lateral to medial and becomes membranous anteriorly
How do the fibers of the INTERNAL intercostals run?
medial to lateral and becomes membranous posteriorly
Does the internal intercostals covers the inside or outside of the costal groove?
Outside
Where are the innermost intercostals mostly located?
Laterally
Does the innermost intercostals covers the inside or outside of the costal groove?
inside
How does the transversus thoracis and subcostalis run?
incomplete layers deep to everything
The structure of the lungs include what 4 things?
lobes, impressions, hilum, bronchi
What is the innervation for the lungs?
phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
Where does the phrenic nerve run?
Between pleura (lungs) and pericardium (heart)
What is the pleura?
Parietal pleura and visceral pleura
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration?
inspiration-expands
expiration-contracts
What are the structures passing THROUGH the diaphragm?
“I Ate Ten Eggs At 12”
IVC- 8th vertebrae
Esophagus-10th Vertebrae
Aorta-12th vertebrae
What is the parietal pleura?
Lines thoracic cavity and is superficial to visceral pleura
What is the visceral pleura?
Covers lungs and is deep to parietal pleura
What is the Pulmonary ligament
folding of the pleura
The pleura extends below the lungs, what is this called and what can occur here?
recesses and you can drain excess fluid here
The right lung has how many lobes and what are they?
3, superior, middle , inferior
The hilum of the right and left lung connects what and contains what?
connect lung to bronchi
contains pulmonary arteries and veins
What impressions does the right lung have (ant to post) ?
brachiocephalic vein, trachea, esophagus, arch of zygos
The left lung has how many lobes and what are they?
2, superior , inferior
What is on the superior lobe of the left lung and what is it considered to be?
Lingula, and its considered to be a remnant of the missing 3rd lobe
What impressions does the left lung have (ant to post) ?
cardiac notch, subclavian artery, aorta
What is the arterial supply of the lungs?
RALS
Right pulmonary—anterior to bronchi
Left pulmonary—-superior to bronchi
How many pulmonary arteries do we have?
2 (right +left)
How many pulmonary veins do we have?
4 ( right+ left, superior +inferior)
Pulmonary vessels enter lungs via what?
Hilum
What are branchopulmonary segments?
this is where bronchi split with their own arterial branch to supply a specific lung area
What is the pathway for bronchi?
Trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi
The superior articular facet on the ribs connects to what?
The inferior costal facet of the vertebrae above
The inferior articular facet on the ribs connects to what?
The superior costal facet of the same number vertebrae
The tubercle on the rib connects to what?
The transverse process on the same number vertebrae
Exam question: What two structures are going to border the costal grove and intercostal band?
Internal intercostal muscle and innermost intercostal muscle
Which of the following is NOT an impression on the right lung?
A. Esophagus
B. Arch of azygos
C.Subclavian artery
D. Trachea
C
What vertebral level does the inferior vena cava travel past the diaphragm?
A. T6
B. T8
C. T10
D. T12
b
Which of the following statements correctly identifies
the indicated structure?
a. Inferior lobe on right lung
b. Superior lobe on left lung
c. Middle lobe on right lung
d. Inferior lobe on left lung
a
What two structures enclose the intercostal arteries?
A. External intercostal muscle and external intercostal membrane
B. Endothoracic fascia and innermost intercostal muscle
C. Internal intercostal muscle and innermost intercostal muscle
D. External intercostal muscle and internal intercostal membrane
C
After a night out drinking, a 21 year old girl passes out in bed and aspirates (breathes in) some vomit into their lungs resulting in damage to one the bronchopulmonary segments. Would this have an effect on the remaining healthy lung tissue?
A. No because each segment has its own bronchus and tertiary branch off the pulmonary artery
B. Yes because the primary bronchus would become compromised through damage to the secondary bronchi
C. No because the regenerative properties of the lung will induce hypertrophy
D. Yes because the lung is supplied by a network of collateral vessels.
A
Which lymph nodes are lateral?
axillary
Which lymph nodes are medial?
parasternal
