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Anatomy > Exam3Lec1SuperficialNeck > Flashcards

Exam3Lec1SuperficialNeck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of the neck layers?

A

superficial fascia—>deep fascia—> cervical muscles

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2
Q

What layer is the superficial fascia and what does it contain?

A

Outermost layer of CT
Contains: platysma muscle, jugular vein, cervical plexus (of nerves), cervical lymph nodes

PJCC

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3
Q

What layer is the deep fascia and what layers does it divide into?

A

Innermost layer of CT
3 layers
investing, pre-tracheal, pre-vertebral

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4
Q

What is the musculature, vasculature, and innervation of the superficial fascia?

A

musculature: platysma
vasculature: jugualr veins
innervation: cervical plexus

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5
Q

What is the PA and DA of the platysma muscle?

A

PA: inf. mandible
DA: superficial fascia (of upper thorax)

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply, innervation, and action of the platysma muscle?

A

Arterial supply: n/a
Innervation: facial n. (CN VII=7)
Actions: pull angle of mouth downwards, tighten +pull skin on the neck upwards

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7
Q

What two jugular veins do we have for the superficial fascia and what does each drain?

A

External jugular v: drains superficial scalp + head
Anterior jugular v: drains anterior superficial neck

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8
Q

What are the cervical muscles of the neck?

A

SCM+ trapezius + suprahyoid muscles + infrahyoid muscles

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9
Q

For the cervical plexus, what are the superficial (cutaneous) branches?

A

lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular

Lesser, Greater, Too Super

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10
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the superficial fascia?

A

superficial cervical lymph nodes

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11
Q

Which lymph nodes are included in the superficial fascia?

A

pre-auricular, posterior auricular, submental, submandibular, tonsilar, anterior cervical, posterior cervical, supraclavicular

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12
Q

What layer is the investing layer of the deep fascia?

A

outer layer

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13
Q

What does the investing layer of the deep fascia cover, form, and superiorly attach to?

A

covers SCM+trapezius muscles
forms capsule around parotid + submandibular glands
superiorly attaches to: superior nuchal line, zygomatic arch, mastoid process + mandible, hyoid bone

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14
Q

What layer is the pre-tracheal layer of the deep fascia?

A

middle layer

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15
Q

What does the pre-tracheal layer cover, form, and continue with?

A

covers the infrahyoid muscles (omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid m),thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus

forms the carotid + fascial sheaths
continues w/ the buccopharyngeal fascia

from the hyoid—> middle mediastinum–> fibrous pericardium

ttie

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16
Q

What layer is the pre-vertebral layer of the deep fascia?

A

inner layer

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17
Q

What does the pre-vertebral layer cover, form, blend with, and contain?

A

covers pre-vertebral + lateral muscles

forms the axillary sheath + post. boundary of retropharyngeal space

blends with the endothoracic fascia + ant. longitudinal ligament

contains the sympathetic trunk

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18
Q

The carotid sheath is formed by the ?

A

pre-tracheal layer

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19
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A

” I See 10 CC’s in the IV”
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve (CNX=10)

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20
Q

What is the carotid sheath crossed by, pierced by, and communicates with?

A

crossed by the intermediate tendon of the Omohyoid m.(=infrahyoid m.)

pierced by the Ansa Cervicalis=group of muscular nerves of the cervical plexus

communicates w/ the posterior mediastinum via pre-tracheal fascia

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21
Q

What is the PA, DA, Arterial supply, innervation, and actions of the Trapezius?

everything is low yield except innervation

A

PA: superior nuchal line + ligamentum nuchae + spinous processes of C7-T12
DA: spine of scapula + acromion + lateral clavicle
Arterial supply: none
Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI=11)
Actions: elevation/retraction/rotation of the scapula, uni-lateral flexion of the neck, bi-lateral extension of the neck

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22
Q

What is the trapezius covered by?

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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23
Q

What is the SCM covered by?

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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24
Q

What is the PA and DA of the SCM?

low yield

A

PA: manubrium (sternal head) + medial clavicle (clavicular head)
DA: mastoid process + superior nuchal line

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25
Q

What is the arterial supply, innervation, and actions of the SCM?

A

Arterial supply: n/a
Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI=11)
Actions: lateral flexion of the neck, rotation of the face upwards to the contralateral side

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26
Q

What is superficial to the SCM?

A

external jugular vein
cervical plexus–> greater auricular + transverse cervical nerves

greater auricular+transverse cervical nerve=erb’s point

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27
Q

What is torticollis (Wryneck)?

A

spasmodic contracture of the SCM muscle

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28
Q

What causes torticollis?

A
  1. Fibroma
  2. Excessive pull on the head of a baby during delivery
  3. Chronic trochlear nerve (CN4) palsy
  4. Dystonia (involuntary contraction) of the cervical muscles\
  5. Irritation of the spinal accessory nerve (CN11)
  6. Ear infections

2 and 5 could be in question stem

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29
Q

What is the result of torticollis?

A

twisting of the neck + slanting of the chin away from the affected side

If right SCM affected–> chin toward the left
If left SCM affected–> chin toward the right

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30
Q

What is the hyoid bone?

A

U-shaped bone–> suspended by the Stylohyoid ligament
connects to the thyroid cartilage via thyrohyoid membrane

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31
Q

How is the hyoid bone organized? (lower yield)

A

hyoid body
greater cornua (horn)
lesser cornua (horn)

32
Q

What are the muscle attachments of the hyoid bone?

A

geniohyoid
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
middle pharyngeal constrictor

33
Q

What are the suprahyoid cervical muscles of the neck ?

A

“Supras Still Get Decent Mileage”
stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniophyoid
all attach to hyoid bone

34
Q

All of the suprahyoid muscles are above what? And what do they all do?

A

they are all above the hyoid bone and they all elevate the hyoid bone

35
Q

What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the stylohyoid?

A

PA: styloid process
DA: hyoid body
Innervation: facial n (CNVII=7)
Action: elongation of mouth floor

36
Q

What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the digastric?

A

PA: digastric fossa of the mandible (ant. belly), mastoid notch (posterior belly)
DA: hyoid body + greater horn
Innervation: mylohyoid n. (ant. belly) and facial n. (post. belly)
Action: depression of mandible–>opens mouth

37
Q

What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the mylohyoid?

A

PA: mylohyoid line (of the mandible)
DA: hyoid body
Innervation: mylohyoid n.
Action: elevation of the mouth floor–> closes mouth

38
Q

What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the geniophyoid?

A

PA: inferior mental spine
DA: hyoid body
Innervation: C1 of cervical plexus
Action: shortens mouth floor + widens the pharynx

39
Q

What are the infrahyoid cervical muscles of the neck?

A

TOSS
thyrohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

40
Q

All of the infrahyoid muscles are below what? And what do they do?

A

All infrahyoid muscles are below the hyoid bone, so all but 1 depress the hyoid bone

41
Q

What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the omohyoid?

A

PA: superior scapula
DA: hyoid body
Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
Action: retract + stabilize hyoid bone

42
Q

What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the sternohyoid?

A

PA: manubrium + medial clavicle
DA: hyoid body
Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
Action: depress hyoid bone

43
Q

What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the sternothyroid?

A

PA: posterior manubrium
DA: oblique line of the thyroid lamina
Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C2-3)
Action: depress the larynx

44
Q

What is the PA, DA, innervation, and action of the thyrohyoid?

A

PA: oblique line of thyroid lamina
DA: hyoid body + greater horn
Innervation: C1 of cervical plexus
Action: elevate the pharynx & depresses the hyoid bone

45
Q

Action of the mylohyoid+ geniohyoid

A

pulls hyoid upward and forward

46
Q

Action of the stylohyoid

A

pulls hyoid upward and backwards

47
Q

Action of the digastric

A

pulls hyoid upwards through “pulley”

48
Q

Action of the omohyoid + sternohyoid + thyrohyoid

A

pulls hyoid downward

49
Q

Does the sternothyroid attach to the hyoid bone?

A

NO so it does not act on the hyoid bone

50
Q

The neck is divided into what triangles?

A

anterior & posterior triangles by the SCM

51
Q

The anterior triangle can be subdivided into what 3 triangles?

A

submental triangle, submandibular triangle, carotid triangle

52
Q

What are the two muscles of the anterior triangle and what do they divide?

A

digastric muscle–> divides submental + submandibular triangles

omohyoid m–> divides carotid triangle

53
Q

What are the anterior triangle boundaries? high yield

A

Anterior= median line of the neck
posterior= anterior surface of the SCM
superior (base)= inferior mandible
apex (point)= jugular notch of the manubrium
roof= superficial fascia + platysma m.

54
Q

What are the contents of the anterior triangle? low yield

A

pharynx, layrnx, thyroid gland

55
Q

What is the muscle of the submental triangle and what does it divide?

A

digastric m–> divides submental + submandibular triangles

56
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle? high yield

A

“CHIN”
inferior (base): hyoid body
lateral wall: ant. belly of digastric m.
apex (point): symphysis menti
floor: mylohyoid m.

57
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle? low yield

A

submental lymph nodes
tributaries of the ant. jugular vein

58
Q

What is the muscle of the submandibular triangle and what does it divide?

A

digastric m–> divides submental + submandibular triangles

59
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle? high yield

A

Superior (base): inferior mandible
anterior: ant. belly of digastric m.
posterior: post. belly of digastric m. stylohyoid m.
apex (point): hyoid bone
floor: mylohyoid m. hypoglossus m

60
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?low yield

A

submandibular gland+ lymph nodes
facial vessels
hypoglossal n (CN XII=12)
submental artery

61
Q

What is the muscle of the carotid triangle and what does it divide?

A

omohyoid m–> divides the carotid triangle

62
Q

What are the carotid triangle boundaries?high yield

A

Superior= posterior belly of digastric m
anterior (base)= superior belly of omohyoid m
posterior + apex= SCM

63
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

Common carotid art + vein
-external art + vein
-internal carotid art + vein
Carotid body + sinus
Hypoglossal n. (CNXII=12)

64
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior(lateral) triangle? high yield

A

Anterior: posterior surface of the SCM
Posterior: trapezius
Floor (base)=middle 1/3 clavicle
Apex (point)=occipital bone

65
Q

What are the posterior triangle contents? low yield

A

Muscles: splenius capitus, levator scapulae, middle scalene, posterior scalene
Nerves: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI=11), trunks of the brachial plexus
Arteries: subclavian artery–> transverse cervical artery

66
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Stylohyoid muscle

67
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Digastric muscle

68
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

69
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Geniohyoid muscle

70
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?(high yield)

A

Omohyoid muscle

71
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Sternothyroid muscle

72
Q

What is this arrow pointing to? (High yield)

A

Sternohyoid muscle

73
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Sternohyoid muscle

74
Q

What is this arrow pointing to? (high yieldO

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

75
Q

What is this arrow pointing to?

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

Anatomy (13 decks)

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