Lec. 7 - Cell Structure

Question 1

Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic cells - similarities and differences.

Answer 1

Pro:
No cell bound membrane organelles
Smaller and simpler
Divide via binary fission
Smaller ribosomes
Lack a defined cytoskeleton
Smaller ribosomes
Rapid reproduction
Eu:
Have membrane bound organelles
Larger
Divide via mitosis (somatic) or meiosis (sex)
Larger ribosomes
Have a defined cytoskeleton
Slower reproduction

Question 2

Explain the endosymbiotic theory.

Answer 2

Certain organelles found in eukaryotic cells were once free-living prokaryotic organisms.

Question 3

Describe the different organelles, where are they found.

Answer 3

Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts, ribosomes, cytoskeleton.

Question 4

Explain the endomembrane system.

Answer 4

System that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, regulating transport, processing biomolecules, and ensuring the proper functioning of the cells.

Question 5

Explain chromatin.

Answer 5

Chromatin is the complex of DNA, histone proteins, and other proteins found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

Explain the path of a protein from formation to destination.

Answer 6

Protein synthesis, translation, protein folding, protein sorting, transportation, then destination.