Lec. 21 - Heredity Flashcards
Explain who Mendel was.
Gregor Mendel is the father of modern genetics because he established the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
Describe Mendel’s experiments.
His experiments were with pea plants, and involved studying and recording the inheritance patterns of various traits across multiple generations of plants.
Differentiate between genes, traits, genotype, phenotype.
A gene is a specific sequence of DNA that encodes a particular protein or functional RNA molecule. Trait is any observable characteristic or feature of an organism. Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism. Phenotype refers to the observable or expressed traits of an organism.
Explain how alleles relate to inheritance.
Alleles are alternate forms or variations of a gene that can occupy a specific locus or position on a chromosome and can code for different variations of a trait.
Distinguish between co-dominance and incomplete dominance.
Co-dominance is when both alleles are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype where both traits are observable. Incomplete dominance is when neither allele is dominant over the other and the phenotype is a blend of both.
Describe the difference between Mendelian and non-Mendelain inheritance.
Mendelian inheritance has dominance and recessiveness, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment. Non-mendelian has co-dominance and incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance, sex-linked inheritance, and epistasis.
