LEC 7, 8 - SA Long Bones + Joints

Question 1

What are the two tendonopathies seen in the shoulder?

Answer 1

Supraspinatus tendonopathy
– and –
Biceps Tenosynovitis

Question 2

What is the big difference between the biceps and the supraspinatus tendon in the shoulder?

Answer 2

Biceps is contained within the joint capsule causing it to have more of an affect on the joint itself

Question 3

How do you know its supraspinatus tendonopathy?

Answer 3

look on the outer edge of the biceps groove for opacity

Question 4

Common location for OCD in the shoulder?

Answer 4

Caudal humeral head

Question 5

Common location for OCD in the hock?

Answer 5

Medial/lateral trochlear ridge of talus

Question 6

Common location for OCD in the elbow?

Answer 6

Medial humeral condyle

Question 7

What type of disease is OCD?

Answer 7

Subchondral

Question 8

What is OCD?

Answer 8

Osteochondritis dissecans

Cracks form in the cartilage + subchondral

Question 9

Common location for OCD in the stifle?

Answer 9

Laterala femoral condyle

Question 10

What is the cause of hypertrophic osteodystrophy?

Answer 10

Idiopathic

Question 11

What is HOD?

Answer 11

Failure of endochondral ossification

Due to decreased blood flow to the metaphysis

Question 12

What is seen on xray with HOD?

Answer 12

Double physis

Periosteal proliferation

Question 13

Where does retained endochondral core occur?

Answer 13

Ulnar bone

Question 14

Where does panosteitis occur in the bone?

Answer 14

Nutrient forament

Question 15

What does panosteitis look like on radiology?

Answer 15

Increased medullary opacity = sclerosis

Question 16

What animals tend to get osteochondromatosis?

Answer 16

Older cats

Question 17

What is osteochondromatosis?

Answer 17

Idiopathic

Decreased range of motion

Question 18

What animals tend to get femoral head necrosis?

Answer 18

Young animals (

Question 19

What causes femoral head/neck necrosis?

Answer 19

Blood supply to diaphysis is decreased

Head/neck start to disappear on xray

Question 20

What is another name for degenerative joint disease?

Answer 20

Osteoarthrosis

Question 21

What are the characteristics of osteoarthrosis?

Answer 21

Benign + Nonagressive + acute to chronic

Question 22

What are the structures you see roentgen signs for degenerative joint disease?

Answer 22

Joint space
Subcondral bone
Phytes

Question 23

What is seen in the joint space of animals with DJD? (staging)

Answer 23

Increased space (acute) 
Decreased space (end stage)

Question 24

What is seen in the subchondral bone of animals with DJD? (staging)

Answer 24

Sclerosis (chornic)

Lysis (chronic)

Question 25

What types of phytes are seen in animals with DJD? (staging)

Answer 25

Osteophytes (chronic) | Enthesophytes (subacute)

Question 26

How can you tell if there is effusion in the stifle?

Answer 26

look at fat pad to see if there is any displacement

Question 27

Where do you see enthesophytes in the knee?

Answer 27

on the patella

Question 28

What are the primary causes of DJD?

Answer 28

``` Infection Immune Trauma Neoplasia Developemental ```

Question 29

What are the developmental conditions that can cause DJD?

Answer 29

Osteochondrosis --- and -- Dysplasia

Question 30

What are forms of aggressive arthropathies in cats?

Answer 30

Histoplasmosis

Question 31

What is a form of aggressive arthropathy in dogs?

Answer 31

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 32

What type of cancer can occur in a joint only?

Answer 32

Synovial cell sarcoma

Question 33

What two rules are used to look at hip dysplasia in an xray?

Answer 33

50% rule -- and -- Thumbnail rule

Question 34

What is the age at which a dogs hips can be called normal?

Answer 34

2 years

Question 35

What age does the pen hip test allow you to call a dogs hips normal?

Answer 35

16 weeks

Question 36

How do false negatives occur on hip dysplastic xrays?

Answer 36

dog is awake and tenses pulls in hips and make them look normal

Question 37

What animals get capital physeal dysplasia?

Answer 37

Male cats

Question 38

What occurs with capital physeal dysplasia?

Answer 38

Capital physis should be closed but for some reason it doesn't and ends up fracturing

Question 39

What are the four causes of elbow dysplasia?

Answer 39

Ununited anconeal process Osteochondrosis medial humeral condyle Subluxation Fragmented medial coronoid process