LEC 7, 8 - SA Long Bones + Joints Flashcards
What are the two tendonopathies seen in the shoulder?
Supraspinatus tendonopathy
– and –
Biceps Tenosynovitis
What is the big difference between the biceps and the supraspinatus tendon in the shoulder?
Biceps is contained within the joint capsule causing it to have more of an affect on the joint itself
How do you know its supraspinatus tendonopathy?
look on the outer edge of the biceps groove for opacity
Common location for OCD in the shoulder?
Caudal humeral head
Common location for OCD in the hock?
Medial/lateral trochlear ridge of talus
Common location for OCD in the elbow?
Medial humeral condyle
What type of disease is OCD?
Subchondral
What is OCD?
Osteochondritis dissecans
Cracks form in the cartilage + subchondral
Common location for OCD in the stifle?
Laterala femoral condyle
What is the cause of hypertrophic osteodystrophy?
Idiopathic
What is HOD?
Failure of endochondral ossification
Due to decreased blood flow to the metaphysis
What is seen on xray with HOD?
Double physis
Periosteal proliferation
Where does retained endochondral core occur?
Ulnar bone
Where does panosteitis occur in the bone?
Nutrient forament
What does panosteitis look like on radiology?
Increased medullary opacity = sclerosis
What animals tend to get osteochondromatosis?
Older cats
What is osteochondromatosis?
Idiopathic
Decreased range of motion
What animals tend to get femoral head necrosis?
Young animals (
What causes femoral head/neck necrosis?
Blood supply to diaphysis is decreased
Head/neck start to disappear on xray
What is another name for degenerative joint disease?
Osteoarthrosis
What are the characteristics of osteoarthrosis?
Benign + Nonagressive + acute to chronic
What are the structures you see roentgen signs for degenerative joint disease?
Joint space
Subcondral bone
Phytes
What is seen in the joint space of animals with DJD? (staging)
Increased space (acute) Decreased space (end stage)
What is seen in the subchondral bone of animals with DJD? (staging)
Sclerosis (chornic)
Lysis (chronic)
What types of phytes are seen in animals with DJD? (staging)
Osteophytes (chronic)
Enthesophytes (subacute)
How can you tell if there is effusion in the stifle?
look at fat pad to see if there is any displacement
Where do you see enthesophytes in the knee?
on the patella
What are the primary causes of DJD?
Infection Immune Trauma Neoplasia Developemental
What are the developmental conditions that can cause DJD?
Osteochondrosis
— and –
Dysplasia
What are forms of aggressive arthropathies in cats?
Histoplasmosis
What is a form of aggressive arthropathy in dogs?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What type of cancer can occur in a joint only?
Synovial cell sarcoma
What two rules are used to look at hip dysplasia in an xray?
50% rule
– and –
Thumbnail rule
What is the age at which a dogs hips can be called normal?
2 years
What age does the pen hip test allow you to call a dogs hips normal?
16 weeks
How do false negatives occur on hip dysplastic xrays?
dog is awake and tenses pulls in hips and make them look normal
What animals get capital physeal dysplasia?
Male cats
What occurs with capital physeal dysplasia?
Capital physis should be closed but for some reason it doesn’t and ends up fracturing
What are the four causes of elbow dysplasia?
Ununited anconeal process
Osteochondrosis medial humeral condyle
Subluxation
Fragmented medial coronoid process
